Entoloma hochstetteri

Entoloma hochstetteri
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Hymenomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Entolomataceae
Genus: Entoloma
Species: E. hochstetteri
Binomial name
Entoloma hochstetteri
(Reich.) Stev.
Entoloma hochstetteri
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Mycological characteristics

gills on hymenium
cap is convex
hymenium is adnate
stipe is bare
spore print is pink
edibility: unknown

Entoloma hochstetteri is a species of mushroom found in Australia, New Zealand and India. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue colour, while the gills have a slight reddish tint from the spores. The blue coloring of the fruit body is due to three azulene pigments.[1] Whether Entoloma hochstetteri is poisonous or not is unknown.

This species was one of six native fungi featured in a set of fungal stamps issued in New Zealand in 2002.[2][3] It is also seen on the reverse side of the $50 bank note, issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990.[4]

Taxonomy

The species was first described as Hygrophorus hochstetteri in 1866 by the Austrian mycologist Erwin Reichardt, before being given its current binomial name in 1962 by John Albert Stevenson. It is named after the German naturalist Ferdinand von Hochstetter.

Description

Entoloma hochstetteri has a small delicate epigeous (above-ground) fruiting body (basidiocarp) which may be found among moss or leaf litter. The cap may be up to 4 cm (1.4 in) in diameter and conical in shape. The cap color is indigo-blue with a green tint, and is fibrillose. The cap margin is striate and rolled inwards. The gill attachment is adnexed or emarginate, gills are thin and 3–5 mm wide, essentially the same color as the cap, sometimes with a yellow tint. The cylindrical stipe is up to 5 cm (2 in) long by 0.5 cm thick, fibrillose and stuffed. The spore print is reddish-pink. The spores are 9.9–13.2 by 11.8–13.2 μm, tetrahedric in shape, hyaline, smooth and thin-walled. The basidia are 35.2–44.2 by 8.8–13.2 µm, club-shaped, hyaline, and with two or four sterigmata.[5]

Distribution

Entoloma hochstetteri grows in woodlands of western parts of both the North and South Islands of New Zealand,[6] where it is associated with Nothofagus and Podocarpus species. It has also been found in India.[5]

Toxicity

The edibility of Entoloma hochstetteri is unknown.[7] Many members of the genus Entoloma are poisonous.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gill M. (2003). "Pigments of fungi (Macromycetes)". Natural Product Reports 20 (6): 615–39. doi:10.1039/b202267m. PMID 14700203.
  2. ↑ Moss MO, Pegler DN. (2003). Recent stamp issues of fungi from New Zealand. Mycologist 17:176-178.
  3. ↑ "WNS: NZ008.02 (Native fungi - Entoloma hochstetteri)". Retrieved 2008-11-14.
  4. ↑ "The history of bank notes in New Zealand". Retrieved 2008-11-14.
  5. 1 2 Dhancholia S. (1989). "Entoloma hochstetteri (Agaricales) - a new record from India". Current Science 58(3): 146–7.
  6. ↑ Hongo T. (1990). "New and Noteworthy agarics from New Zealand". Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute. 28: 129–34.
  7. ↑ Gates, Charlie. "Mushroom might yield major value". Stuff.co.nz. Stuff. Retrieved 1 May 2016.

External links

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