Erepsin
Erepsin is a protein fraction found in the intestinal juices and contains a group of enzymes that digest peptones into amino acids. It is produced and secreted by the intestinal glands in the ileum and the pancreas. It is also found widely in other cells. It is however a term now rarely used in scientific literature as more precise terms are preferred.
History
Erepsin was discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century by German physiologist Otto Cohnheim (1873-1953) who found a substance that breaks down peptones into amino acid in the intestines.[1][2] He termed this hypothetical protease in his protein extract "erepsin", derived from a Greek word meaning "I break down" (έρείπω).[3] His discovery was significant as it overturned the previous "hypothesis of resynthesis" which proposed that proteins were broken down into peptones from which proteins were then resynthesized, and helped establish the idea of free amino acids instead of peptones as the building blocks of protein.[3]
Erepsin was originally thought to be a single enzyme or a mixture of a few enzymes involved in the terminal stages of the breakdown of peptides to free amino acids in the intestines.[4] However, it became clear later that erepsin is in fact a complex mixture of different peptidases.[5] It was also found not to be unique to intestinal mucosa and is present widely in many other cells and organisms.[6][7] The term erepsin fell from use in scientific literature in the latter half of the twentieth century as more precise terms are preferred, and may be now considered obsolete.
Properties
Erepsin may contain dipeptidases, aminopeptidases and occasionally carboxypeptidases, and is often grouped under exopeptidases, proteases that work only on the outermost peptide bonds of a polypeptide chain. The optimum pH is around pH 8.
References
- ↑ Joseph S. Fruton (1990). Contrasts in Scientific Style: Research Groups in the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 191. American Philosophical Society. pp. 105–106. ISBN 0-87169-191-4.
- ↑ Cohnheim, 0 (1901). "Die Umwandlung des Eiweis s durch die Darmwand.". Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 33: 451–465. doi:10.1515/bchm2.1901.33.5-6.451.
- 1 2 Matthews DM (1978). "Otto Cohnheim--the forgotten physiologist". British Medical Journal 2 (6137): 618–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6137.618. PMC 1607550. PMID 359089.
- ↑ Emil L Smith (1948). "The peptidases of skeletal, heart and uterine muscle" (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry 173: 553–569. PMID 18910712.
- ↑ Emil L Smith and Max Bergmann (1944). "The peptidases of intestinal mucosa" (PDF). Journal of Biological Chemistry 153: 627–651.
- ↑ H. M. Vernon (1904). "The universal presence of erepsin in animal tissues". J Physiol 32 (1): 33–50. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1904.sp001063. PMC 1465616. PMID 16992755.
- ↑ Nathan Berman and Leo F. Rettger (1916). "Bacterial Nutrition: a Brief Note on the Production of Erepsin by Bacteria". Journal of Bacteriology 1 (5): 537–539. PMC 378674. PMID 16558717.