Ericeira

Ericeira
Parish

Coat of arms
Ericeira
Coordinates: 38°57′43″N 9°25′05″W / 38.962°N 9.418°W / 38.962; -9.418Coordinates: 38°57′43″N 9°25′05″W / 38.962°N 9.418°W / 38.962; -9.418
Country Portugal
Region Lisbon
Subregion Grande Lisboa
Metropolitan area Lisbon
District Lisbon
Municipality Mafra
Area
 • Total 12.05 km2 (4.65 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 10,260
 • Density 850/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Postal code 2655
Area code 261
Website http://www.ericeira.org

Ericeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [eɾiˈsɐjɾɐ]) is a civil parish and seaside resort/fishing community on the western coast of Portugal, in the municipality of Mafra, about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of the capital, Lisbon. The population in 2011 was 10,260,[1] in an area of 12.05 km².[2] Ericeira is regarded by some as being Europe's Surf Meca, due to the exceptional coastline conditions for the practice of Surf. It is home for Ericeira's World Surfing Reserve, the 2nd in the World and the 1st in Europe. [3] It has been a popular summer retreat for many of Lisbon's families in the 40's and 50's of the XX century. Today, it is a popular destination for local and visiting tourists, as well as surfers from around the world (owing to the 40 beaches with good conditions in the area).[4]

History

The Praia dos Pescadores, location of the departure of King Manuel II after the 5 October 1910 revolution

The region's taxonomic name has a convoluted history. Ericeira is believed to have originated from Ouriceira, itself a derivative of Ouriço, referring to the name for sea urchins (used in the parish's coat-of-arms).[5] One legend suggested that Ericeira was the terra de ouriços (land of ouriços), owing to what was assumed to be an abundance of sea-urchins along the beaches.[5] However, recent investigations, archived in the Museum of the Misericórdia, confirm that the animal mentioned was not an "ouriço", but an "ouriço-caixeiro" (hedgehog), a species associated with the Phoenician goddess Astarte.[5] The ancient settlement presumably dates from the passage and colonization of the Phoenicians.[5]

The region's first foral (charter) dates to 1229, when it was issued by friar D. Fernão Rodrigues Monteiro, Master of the Cavalry and the Military Order of São Bento de Avis, which was later reformed by King Manuel, in 1513.

Ericeira was an area much frequented for its climatic and seaside comforts.[6] In fact, Charles Lepierre, a chemical engineer referred to Ericeira's beaches as "a focus of the major concentration of iodine in all of the northern Portuguese coast".[6] In 1803, the Bishop of Coimbra took regular baths in Ericeira, and the Royal Family including Queen Maria Pia of Savoy in 1864 also frequented its waters.[6]

After the disappearance of King Sebastian of Portugal, during the Battle of Alcácer Quibir, there arose several pretenders to the throne.[7] One of these was the King of Ericeira, a young hermit based in the Chapel of São Julião, south of the village of Ericeira, who passed himself off as Dom Sebastian.[7] He crowned a Queen, distributed handouts and punished his detractors, conceding several noble titles. In the end, he was taken to the guillotine, and his supporters too ended-up on the gallows.[7]

At the end of the 19th century, beginning of the 20th century, many of Lisbon's local aristocracy began to build homes in the parish, including the Burnays, Ulriches and Rivottis.[6]

The development of the commercial port made Ericeira a fundamental pole of the region's economy. Reports dating from 1834 noted the shipwrecks of 175 boats transporting products to the village, principally cereals (which were then distributed into the interior) while exports, especially wines and spirits, were sent to the Algarve, the islands and other locations.[8] The customshouse in Ericeira supported an area extending from Cascais to Figueira da Foz, and the port was the fourth most important in the country, after Lisbon, Porto and Setúbal.[8] With the construction of the western railway and the development of land transport, the port of Ericeira lost much of its importance.[8] At the end of the 19th century, several warehouses and supply shops for sardine fishers were built, employing 500 men but altering the old fishing characteristics of the site.[8] Ericeira's golden age of prosperity during the 19th century, when the port was the busiest in Estremadura.

During the Second World War, the region became a refuge for several foreign communities, including pockets of Poles, Germans, French, Belgians and Dutch expatriates fleeing Nazi persecution in their homelands.[6]

Ericeira is more famously known for the day that King Manuel II of Portugal went into exile, from the Praia dos Pescadores, after the outbreak of the 5 October 1910 revolution.[9] It was about 3:00 in the afternoon of 5 October 1910, when the 20-year-old monarch, accompanied by Queen Amélie of Orleans and Queen Mother Maria Pia, arrived from Mafra. Arriving by car, escaping from the recent Republican revolution in Lisbon, the king was bound for the royal yacht D. Amélia offshore. The details were later immortalized in 1928 by Júlio Ivo, then president of the municipal council of Mafra (during the presidency of Sidónio Pais, who explained: "...the automobiles stopped and the Royal Family got out, they followed the Rua do Norte to the Rua de Baixo, to the narrow lane that connects the two roads, almost in front of the Travessa da Estrela...On arrival at the Rua de Baixo, the Royal Family went in the following order: at the front, King Manuel; followed by Maria Pia, then Amélia... the King...climbed aboard the boat using crates and baskets of fish...the flagman signalled with his hat, and the first boat, the Bomfim, carrying the blue and white flag on the stern, followed by the rowers, taking the King...the crowds along the coast were immense. Everyone silent, but many with tears running from their eyes...The King was very pallid, Amélia animated, Maria Pia was overwhelmed...The boats had hardly come alongside the yacht, when in the village there appeared, coming from Sintra, a automobile with civil revolutionaries, armed with carbines and bearing bombs, which they later indicated they were prepared to throw at the beach, if they had reached it at the time of the departure...".[9]

Its location, near Lisbon, and the development of the roadway network permitted, after the 1950s, a greater migration of summer sun-seekers, which helped to modify the character of the area.[6] Initially a commercial fishing port, Ericeira was transformed into an urban agglomeration dependent on seasonal tourism.[6]

Geography

Along its northern border is Coxos Break point, known as one of the best professional surfing areas in Europe, and not an area for beginners.[4] The parish consists of the settlements Bairro Arsénio Amadeu, Calçadinha Preta, Ericeira, Fonte Boa, Fonte Boa dos Nabos, Lapa da Serra, Pinhal de Frades and Seixal.

Economy

Ericeira Hotel

Ericeira is the home to Portugal's first/largest surfing association/club, the Ericeira Surf Clube. Founded in 1993, it developed from the surfing unit of the Ericeira Naval Club, which organized local, regional and national competitions in surf, bodyboard, kneeboard and longboard throughout the years. In addition the Surf Club began a school to train local athletes and visiting tourists who wanted to learn how to surf.

Architecture

The late 15th centuryChapel of Santa Marta Ericeira
Praia de São Sebastião e Matadouro, Ericeira

Culture

Ericeira is also keen on its musical culture. The local philharmonic, currently named Filarmónica Cultural Ericeira, has existed since 1849 and pursues a path of success in this villages's musical heritage with a permanent free musical school for all who love this type of culture.

Sport

The beach of Ribeira d'Ilhas, which routinely hosts a round of the ASP World Tour Surf Championship and is widely-regarded as one of the best beaches in Europe for this sport, is located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the north of the town.[4] In 2011, Ericeira was chosen by the WSR to be one of the World Surfing Reserves, together with Malibu and Santa Cruz in California, Manly Beach in Australia, and Huanchaco in Peru. The local council have redeveloped the Ribeira d'Ilhas foreshore to commemorate and show their support for the importance of surfing to the local culture and economy.

See also

External links

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal
  2. ↑ Direção-Geral do Território
  3. ↑ http://ericeirasurfguide.bitcliq.com/
  4. 1 2 3 "Surf Europe Magazine". Archived from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008. |contribution= ignored (help)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Câmara Municipal de Mafra/Serviços de Cultura (2011). Junta Freguesia, ed. "História da Vila da Ericeira" (in Portuguese). Ericeira (Mafra), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Ericeira. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Câmara Municipal de Mafra/Serviços de Cultura (2011). Junta Freguesia, ed. "De "entreposto comercial" a "local frequentado por veraneantes"" (in Portuguese). Ericeira (Mafra), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Ericeira. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 Câmara Municipal de Mafra/Serviços de Cultura (2011). Junta Freguesia, ed. "O falso rei D. Sebastião" (in Portuguese). Ericeira (Mafra), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Ericeira. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Câmara Municipal de Mafra/Serviços de Cultura (2011). Junta Freguesia, ed. "O Porto de Mar" (in Portuguese). Ericeira (Mafra), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Ericeira. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
  9. 1 2 Câmara Municipal de Mafra/Serviços de Cultura (2011). Junta Freguesia, ed. "O Embarque da Família Real, 5/10/1910" (in Portuguese). Ericeira (Mafra), Portugal: Junta Freguesia de Ericeira. Retrieved 11 July 2012.
References
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