Erich Muhsfeldt

Erich Mußfeldt

Erich Mußfeldt at the Auschwitz Trial of 1947 in Kraków
Born (1913-02-18)February 18, 1913
Neubrück, Hennigsdorf, Brandenburg, German Reich
Died January 28, 1948(1948-01-28) (aged 34)
Kraków, Poland
Nationality German
Occupation non-commissioned SS officer
Years active 1940–1945
Known for heading the crematoria of the Majdanek and Auschwitz concentration camps

SS-Oberscharführer Erich Mühsfeldt,[1] also Mussfeld,[2] and Erich Mußfeldt,[3] (18 February 1913 – 28 January 1948) was a German non-commissioned SS officer serving in two extermination camps during World War II in occupied Poland, including at Auschwitz as well as at the Majdanek concentration camp.[3] He was arrested and charged by the Allies originally in 1946,[4] then transferred to Poland where the full extent of his war crimes was revealed thanks to new evidence. He was retried by the Supreme National Tribunal at the Auschwitz Trial in Kraków, and found guilty of crimes against humanity. Muhsfeldt was sentenced to death by hanging in December 1947, and executed on 28 January 1948.[1]

Eric Muhsfeldt was born on 18 February 1913. At the time of his service in the SS-Totenkopfverbände he was reportedly married with one son. The fate of his wife is unclear. According to Miklós Nyiszli,[2] his wife was killed in an air raid, and his son sent to the Russian front.[2]

World War II atrocities

Originally Muhsfeldt served with the German SS-Sonderkommando at Auschwitz I in 1940. He was transferred to the work/extermination camp at Majdanek on 15 November 1941. He was involved in the final mass shooting of the camp's remaining Jewish inmates known as the Operation Harvest Festival or "Erntefest". It was the largest single-day, single-camp massacre of the Holocaust,[5] totalling 43,000 in three nearby locations.[6] When the Majdanek camp was liquidated, he transferred back to Auschwitz, where he then served as supervising SS officer of the Jewish Sonderkommando in Crematorium II and III in Auschwitz II (Birkenau).

Upon his return to Auschwitz, Muhsfeldt, a committed mass murderer, had an unusual relationship with renowned Jewish-Hungarian pathologist Dr. Miklós Nyiszli, who was forced to carry out autopsies on behalf of Dr Josef Mengele.[2] Dr. Nyiszli survived the war and later gave evidence about what happened at Auschwitz. Dr Nyiszli described one incident when Muhsfeldt came to him for a routine check-up, after shooting 80 prisoners in the back of the head prior to their cremation. Dr. Nyiszli commented that Muhsfeldt's blood pressure was high, and inquired as to whether this could be related to the recent increase in "traffic", as the mass murder of newly arrived victims was euphemistically called. Muhsfeldt replied angrily that it made no difference to him, whether he shot one person or eighty. If his blood pressure was too high, it was because he drank too much he said.[2]

After the war had ended, Muhsfeldt was arrested and charged by the War Crimes Group, European Command initially. He was retried in Kraków by the Supreme National Tribunal in 1947, where he was sentenced to death for his war crimes. He was executed by hanging on 28 January 1948.[1]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 AHF (2013). "Auschwitz Trial (November-December 1947)". The Holocaust. Jewish Virtual Library.org. Retrieved 2013-04-23.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Miklós Nyiszli (1 September 2007) [1946]. "An eyewitness from Auschwitz: book citations online". The Holocaust documents. Auschwitz: A Doctor's Eyewitness Account (a memoir). Arcade Publishing. Archived from the original on December 4, 2002. Retrieved 10 December 2014 – via Internet Archive. Publication history and details at Goodreads.
  3. 1 2 Elissa Mailänder Koslov (2014). "Vous lisez. Work, Violence and Cruelty. An Everyday Historical Perspective on Perpetrators in Nazi Concentration Camps". Interrogation of Erich Mußfeldt, 14.8.1947 in Krakow. Centre international de formation européenne. pp. 29–51. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  4. ↑ Deputy Judge Advocates Office (21 May 1947). United States vs. Friedrich Becker, et al. (PDF file, direct download 9,71 MB). Case No. 000-50-6 (Dachau, Germany: War Crimes Group. European Command). pp. 1, 3. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  5. ↑ USHMM (May 11, 2012). "Soviet forces liberate Majdanek". Lublin/Majdanek: Chronology. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. Retrieved 2013-04-13.
  6. ↑ Jennifer Rosenberg. "Aktion Erntefest". 20th Century History. About.com Education. Retrieved 2013-04-16.
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