Euclides Danicus

Euclides Danicus (the Danish Euclid) is one of three books of mathematics written by Georg Mohr.[1] It was published in 1672 simultaneously in Copenhagen and Amsterdam, in Danish and Dutch respectively. It contains the first proof of the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem, which states that every geometric construction that can be performed using a compass and straightedge can also be done with compass alone.[2]

The book is divided into two parts. In the first part, Mohr shows how to perform all of the constructions of Euclid's Elements using a compass alone. In the second part, he includes some other specific constructions, including some related to the mathematics of the sundial.[3]

Euclides Danicus languished in obscurity, possibly caused by its choice of language, until its rediscovery in 1928 in a bookshop in Copenhagen. Until then, the Mohr–Mascheroni theorem had been credited to Lorenzo Mascheroni, who published a proof in 1797, independently of Mohr's work.[2][4] Soon after the rediscovery of Mohr's book, publications about it by Florian Cajori and Nathan Altshiller Court made its existence much more widely known.[2][4][5] The Danish version was republished in facsimile in 1928 by the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, with a foreword by Johannes Hjelmslev,[2][4][6][7] and a German translation was published in 1929.[2]

Only eight copies of the original publication of the book are known to survive. In 2005, one of these original copies was sold at auction, to Fry's Electronics, for what Gerald L. Alexanderson calls a "ridiculously low price": US$13,000.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Andersen, Kirsti; Meyer, Henrik (1985), "Georg Mohr's three books and the Gegenübung auf Compendium Euclidis Curiosi", Centaurus 28 (2): 139–144, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1985.tb00833.x, MR 825846.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Alexanderson, Gerald L. (July 2014), "About the cover: Two theorems on geometric constructions", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 51 (3): 463–467, doi:10.1090/S0273-0979-2014-01458-2.
  3. ↑ Andersen, Kirsti (1980), "An Impression of Mathematics in Denmark in the Period 1600–1800", Centaurus 24 (1): 316–334, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0498.1980.tb00381.x.
  4. 1 2 3 Court, N. A. (1930), "Book Review: Euclides Danicus", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 36 (7): 471, doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1930-04976-9, MR 1561975.
  5. ↑ Cajori, Florian (1929), "A Forerunner of Mascheroni", American Mathematical Monthly 36 (7): 364–365, doi:10.2307/2298942, MR 1521787.
  6. ↑ Menger (1930), "Literaturberichte: Euclides Danicus", Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik (in German) 37 (1): A3, doi:10.1007/BF01696783, MR 1549801.
  7. ↑ Sarton, George (1936), "Euclides danicus, Amsterdam 1672 by Georg Mohr; Johannes Hjelmslev; Beiträge zur Lebensbeschreibung von Georg Mohr (1640-1697) by Johannes Hjelmslev", Isis 26 (1): 167–170, doi:10.1086/347140, JSTOR 225067.

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