Euthamia

"Goldentop" redirects here. For goldentop grass, see Lamarckia.
goldentops
Euthamia graminifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Astereae
Genus: Euthamia
Nutt. ex Cass.
Synonyms[1]

Solidago sect. Euthamia Nutt.

Euthamia is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae.[2][3] They are known commonly as goldentops[4] and grass-leaved goldenrods.[5][6]

The species were formerly classed in genus Solidago, the goldenrods. They were separated on the basis of morphological differences, such as the arrangement of the flower heads in the inflorescence and the glands on the leaves, and of DNA data.[7] Authors have recognized 5 to 10 species.[5] They are native to North America, but certain species are introduced in Europe and Asia.[7]

These species are quite variable in appearance, the variation often influenced by environmental conditions. In general, they are rhizomatous perennial herbs or subshrubs growing erect stems 40 centimeters to 2 meters tall. The stems are hairy to hairless and branching or unbranched. The leaves are alternately arranged along the stem. They are linear to lance-shaped, smooth-edged, hairy to hairless, and gland-dotted, if sometimes sparsely. The flower heads are solitary or borne in a dense or spreading array. The back of the head is layered in phyllaries which may be resinous. There are 7 to 22 yellow ray florets, sometimes more, and several yellow disc florets. The fruit is a rough-textured cypsela tipped with a pappus of white bristles.[7]

Euthamia species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Coleophora intermediella, which feeds exclusively on E. graminifolia.

Species[1][7][8][9]
  1. Euthamia caroliniana – coastal plain goldentop, slender goldentop - Coastal Plain from Texas to Nova Scotia; also Great lakes region
  2. Euthamia graminifolia – common goldentop, flat-top goldentop - northern + eastern US, mostly Great Lakes and Northeast; much of Canada
  3. Euthamia gymnospermoides – Great Plains goldentop, Texas goldentop - Great Plains + Great Lakes from Texas to Ontario
  4. Euthamia leptocephala – Mississippi Valley goldentop, bushy goldentop - south-central USA, Texas to Georgia to Illinois
  5. Euthamia minor - southeastern USA
  6. Euthamia occidentalis – western goldentop, western goldenrod - western Canada, western half of USA, northwestern Mexico
  7. Euthamia tenuifolia - eastern USA, eastern Canada

References

  1. 1 2 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  2. ↑ Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de, in Cuvier, F. 1825. Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utilité qu'en peuvent retirer la médecine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les artes. Suivi d'une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes [Second edition] 37: 471-472in French
  3. ↑ Tropicos, Euthamia (Nutt.) Cass.
  4. ↑ Euthamia. USDA PLANTS.
  5. 1 2 Euthamia: Grass-leaved goldenrods. Astereae Lab. University of Waterloo.
  6. ↑ Euthamia. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Euthamia. Flora of North America.
  8. ↑ Euthamia. ITIS.
  9. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
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