List of expeditions of Muhammad

The List of expeditions of Muhammad, also includes a list of battles by Muhammad's order and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles.

List of Battles

Key/Legend

      Sariyyah (expeditions which he ordered but did not take part (73))       Ghazwah (expeditions which he ordered and took part (27))

No. Name Date Casualties description Notable primary sources
1 Expedition of Hamza ibn 'Abdul-Muttalib 623 [1][2][3][4]
2 Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid 623 [1][2][3][5]
  • None, caravan left [2]
3 Kharar Caravan Raid May & June 623 [1][2][3][4][7]
  • None, caravan left[2]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[6]
4 Invasion of Waddan August 623 [7][8]
  • Unknown
5 Invasion of Buwat October 623 [10][11]
  • None, caravan left [2]
6 Invasion of Dul Ashir December 623 [13]
7 Invasion of Safwan 623 [13]
  • None, enemy escaped [14]
8 Nakhla Raid January 624[13]
  • Muslims: 0 Casualties
  • Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured [17]
9 Battle of Badr March 624 [21]
  • Muslims: 14 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 70 killed, 30-47 captured[22]
10 Assassination of 'Asma' bint Marwan March 624
  • Asma' bint Marwan assassinated[25]
11 Assassination of Abu Afak April 624
  • Abu Afak assassinated[26]
12 Invasion of Sawiq 624 [30]
  • 2 Muslims killed[31]
13 Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa February 624 [34]
  • Unknown, some revenge killings[35]
14 Al Kudr Invasion May 624
  • Unknown
15 Invasion of Thi Amr September 624 [43][44]
  • 1 captured by Muslims[45]
16 Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf September 624 [47]
  • Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated[48]
17 Invasion of Bahran 624 [49]
18 Nejd Caravan Raid 624 [49]
  • 3 captured by Muslims(including guide) [49]
19 Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik December 624
  • Abu Rafi assassinated[53]
20 Battle of Uhud March 23 625 [56][57]
  • Muslims: 70 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 22 or 37 Killed[58]
21 Invasion of Hamra al-Asad March 625[62]
  • Muslims: 2 spies killed
  • Non-Muslims: 3 beheaded, 3 captured[63]
22 Expedition of Qatan June 625 [62]
  • 3 captured by Muslims[70]
23 Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais 625 [71]
  • Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated[71]
24 Expedition of Al Raji 625 [76]
25 The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri 627 [79]
  • 3 polytheists killed by Muslims[80]
  • 1 captured[81]
  • Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community[82]
26 Expedition of Bir Maona July 625 [83]
  • Muslims: 70 killed[84]
  • Non-Muslims: 2 killed[84]
27 Invasion of Banu Nadir August 625 [87]
  • Unknown
28 Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa October 625[92] or 627[90]
  • Many women captured by Muslims[93]
29 Invasion of Badr January 626[3] or March 625[79]
  • None, enemy flees[94]
30 Invasion of Dumatul Jandal July 626
  • None, Ghatafan tribe flees[95]
31 Battle of the Trench February 627 [98]
  • Muslims: light casualties
  • Non-Muslims: extremely heavy casualties[99]
32 Invasion of Banu Qurayza February–March 627
  • Muslims: 2 killed[102]
  • Non-Muslims:
  1. 600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)[102][103][104]
  2. All Males and 1 woman beheaded (Sunni Hadith)[105][106]
33 Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah June 627 [110]
34 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan 627 [114]
  • None, Banu Asad tribe flees[115]
35 First Raid on Banu Thalabah August 627 [3][79][117]
36 Second Raid on Banu Thalabah August 627 [3][79][117]
  • 1 injured man captured by Muslims[115]
37 Invasion of Banu Lahyan September 627 [3][79]
  • None, Banu Lahyan tribe flees[115]
38 Raid on al-Ghabah

627[122]
  • 1 Muslim shepherd killed, and his wife captured[122]
39 Expedition of Dhu Qarad September 627 [3][79]
  • Muslims: 4 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 4 Killed [124]
40 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum) 627 [115]
  • Some captured by Muslims[115]
41 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is) September 627 [127]
42 Third Raid on Banu Thalabah 627 [79]
  • None, Banu Thalabah tribe flees[129]
43 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma) October 627 [79]
  • Heavy casualties inflicted, 100 women and boys captured by Muslims[131]
44 Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura) December 627
45 Invasion of Banu Mustaliq December 627 [79]
  • Muslims: 1 killed
    (friendly fire)
  • Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive[134]
46 Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf December 627 [79]
47 Expedition of Fidak 627 [79]
  • 1 captured by Muslims, rest of tribe flees[138]
48 Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura January 628 [79]
  • 30 horsemen,[139] and 1 women killed by Muslims[140]
  • Many captured by Muslims[140]
49 Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri February 628 [79]
  • Muslims: 1 killed
  • Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death[141]
50 Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha February 628 [79]
  • 30 killed by Muslims[142]
51 Treaty of Hudaybiyyah March 628 [146]
  • None
52 Conquest of Fidak May 628 [149]
  • None
53 Battle of Khaybar May/June 628 [152]
  • Muslims: 16-18 killed
  • Jews: 93 killed[153]
54 Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura May 628 [149]
55 Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab December 628 [79]
56 Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq December 628 [79]
  • Many killed by Muslims
57 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak) December 628 [159]
  • Muslims: 29 killed,[142] Bashir wounded
  • Non-Muslims: large amount killed[142]
58 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah) January 629 [159]
  • Some killed by Muslims[142]
59 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak) May 629[163]
  • Everyone who came into contact with Muslims were killed
60 Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen) February 629 [159]
  • 1 killed, 2 captured by Muslims[165]
61 Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami April 629[163]
  • Muslims: Most killed
  • Non-Muslims: Most killed,[163] 2 captured[166]
62 Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid) May 629 [163]
  • Large amount killed,[142] and 1 captured by Muslims[164]
63 Raid on Banu Layth June 629 [168]
  • "We killed the warriors and took the children prisoner." No numbers given, but the Muslims were "about ten men".
  • Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi. Translated by Faizer, R., Ismail, A., & Tayob, A. (2011). The Life of Muhammad, pp. 369–370. London & New York: Routledge.
64 Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi June 629 [163]
  • Unknown
65 Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari June 629 [163]
  • 14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded[166]
66 Battle of Mu'tah August 629 [163]
  • Muslims: 12 killed
  • Non-Muslims: Unknown[171]
67 Expedition of Amr ibn al-As September 629 [173]
  • None, Qudah tribe flees[174]
68 Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah October 629 [175]
69 Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami 629 [177][178]
70 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah) November[181] or Dec 629
  • Some killed, some captured by Muslims[182]
71 Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam) December 629 [181]
72 Conquest of Mecca December 629 [181]
  • 5 killed by Muslims:[188]
  1. Abdullah b. Khatal[189]
  2. Fartana (slave girl)[190]
  3. Huwayrith b. Nafidh[188]
  4. Miqyas b. Subabah[188]
  5. Harith b. Talatil[188]
73 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla) December 629 [193]
74 Raid of Amr ibn al-As December 629 [193]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[197]
75 Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali December 629 [193]
  • 1 women killed by Muslims[194]
76 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) January 630 [193]
  • Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed[200]
77 Battle of Hunayn January 630 [193]
78 Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi January 630 [193]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[206]
79 Battle of Autas 630 [207]
80 Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari January 630 [3]
  • Muslims: 1 Killed
  • Non-Muslims: 9 Killed[211]
81 Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari January 630 [3]
  • At least 1 killed,[212] men, women and children taken captives by Muslims[213]
82 Siege of Ta'if January 630 [214]
  • Muslims: 12 killed[215]
  • Non-Muslims: Unknown
83 Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn April 630 [217]
  • 11 men, 21 women and 30 boys, captured by Muslims[218]
84 Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir May 630 [221]
  • Muslims: many wounded, some killed
  • Non-Muslims: many wounded, some killed, some women captured[218]
85 Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi June 630 [223]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[224]
86 Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz July 630 [225]
  • None, Ethiopians flee[226]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[226]
87 Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad July 630 [226]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[227]
88 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib July 630 [228]
  • Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims[229][230]
89 Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy) July 630 [232]
  • Unknown
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[233]
90 Battle of Tabouk October 630 [232]
  • None, no enemies met[234]
91 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal) October 630 [232]
  • 1 killed, 2 taken captive
92 Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb 630 [238]
  • Unknown
93 Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar 630 [240]
  • None
94 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal) April 631 [243][244]
  • Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims[243][244]
95 Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah April 631 [246]
  • Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed[247]
96 Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran) June 631 [232]
  • None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam
97 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Mudhij) December 631 [232]
  • 20 killed by Muslims.
98 Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib (Hamdan) 632 [232]
99 Demolition of Dhul Khalasa April 632
100 Expedition of Usama bin Zayd May 632 [257]
  • Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of Cambridge University[258]

Notes

References

  1. 1 2 3 Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071. In the first two or three expeditions the numbers involved are given as from 20 to 80. In those of the later part of 623 (ii-vi/2), however, when Muhammad himself took part, they are said to have ranged up to 200. External link in |title= (help) (free online)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. (online)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Hawarey, Dr. Mosab (2010). The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic). Islamic Book Trust. ISBN 9789957051648.Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available here
  4. 1 2 3 Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 345.
  5. ↑ Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 346.
  6. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  7. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 4. ASIN B0007JAWMK. august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)
  8. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan
  9. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 345.
  10. ↑ Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 118.
  11. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 13, ISBN 978-0887063442, Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat
  12. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 285.
  13. 1 2 3 Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 245, ISBN 978-9960899558
  14. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 128. (online)
  15. 1 2 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. pp. 285–286.
  16. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 286.
  17. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.128-131. (online)
  18. ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 246, ISBN 978-9960899558
  19. ↑ Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād, p. 347.
  20. ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 247, ISBN 978-9960899558 See footnote 1, page 247
  21. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 12, ISBN 978-0887063442, Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).
  22. ↑ Muḥammad Aḥmad Bāshmīl, The great battle of Badr, p. 122.
  23. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133-138. (online)
  24. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. (online)
  25. 1 2 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 210.
  26. 1 2 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. pp. 675–676.
  27. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.
  28. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 675.
  29. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31. ASIN B0007JAWMK. "Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah
  30. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. xiii, ISBN 978-0887063442
  31. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. (online)
  32. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 361. Raid called al-Sawiq
  33. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 33–34. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  34. ↑ Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 254.
  35. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. (online)
  36. ↑ Sāzmān-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī (1987), Al-Tawḥīd 5, Tehran, Iran: Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept, p. 86
  37. ↑ Rodwell, JM, The Koran, Phoenix, p. 342, ISBN 978-1-8421-2609-7, This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.
  38. ↑ Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 248. ISBN 978-9-9608-9754-7.(online)
  39. ↑ Francis E. Peters (1993). A Reader on classical Islam. Princeton University Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0691000404.
  40. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 32. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  41. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 86, ISBN 978-0887063442
  42. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 659.
  43. 1 2 Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 100, ISBN 978-0887063442
  44. ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0195773071. External link in |title= (help) (free online)
  45. 1 2 Strauch, Sameh (2006), Biography of the Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 472, ISBN 9789960980324
  46. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 40–41. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  47. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624)
  48. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. (online)
  49. 1 2 3 4 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. (online)
  50. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 362. Raid of al Furu of Bahran
  51. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 290 (footnote 1).
  52. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 99, ISBN 978-0887063442
  53. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. (online)
  54. ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 204
  55. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 482. THE KILLING OF SALLAM IBN ABU'L-HUQAYQ
  56. ↑ William Montgomery Watt (1961), Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman, Oxford University Press, p. 135, ISBN 0198810784, The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...
  57. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 105, ISBN 978-0887063442, Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).
  58. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 181. (online)
  59. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 292.
  60. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 299-300.
  61. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 296 (footnote 2).
  62. 1 2 Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0195773071. The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625) External link in |title= (help) (free online)
  63. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. (online)
  64. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Limited, p. 89, ISBN 9781861796820(online)
  65. ↑ Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator) (2002), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1
  66. ↑ Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222-224.
  67. ↑ Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.
  68. ↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition, p. 89, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 186179682X
  69. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 390.
  70. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 150. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  71. 1 2 3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. (online)
  72. ↑ Sunnah.org, says Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, archive
  73. ↑ Abu Dawud 2:1244, hadithcollection.com (archive)
  74. ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator) (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 121, ISBN 978-0887066917 (online)
  75. ↑ Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr (2000), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, Garnet, p. 190, ISBN 978-1859640098
  76. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. (online)
  77. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187-188. (online)
  78. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 66. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  79. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Abū Khalīl, Shawqī (2003). Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960897547. External link in |title= (help)(online)
  80. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211.
  81. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, pp. 149–150, ISBN 978-0-88706-344-2
  82. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 147, ISBN 978-0887063442
  83. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 978-0887063442, Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah
  84. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. (online)
  85. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 352.
  86. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 352 (footnote 1).
  87. ↑ Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442, The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)
  88. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. (online)
  89. ↑ Vesselin Popovski, Gregory M. Reichberg, Nicholas Turner (2009). World religions and norms of war. United Nations University Press. p. 296. ISBN 9789280811636.
  90. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 192. (online)
  91. ↑ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press
  92. 1 2 Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 161, ISBN 978-0887063442
  93. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 74. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  94. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. (online)
  95. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. (online)
  96. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 657.
  97. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 76. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, to Dumat Al-Jandal
  98. ↑ Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW), Islamic Publications, p. 216.
  99. ↑ Watt, Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman, p. 167-174.
  100. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198.
  101. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 82–84. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  102. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. (online)
  103. 1 2 Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110(online)
  104. ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504
  105. ↑ Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2665
  106. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:280
  107. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110(online)
  108. ↑ Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.
  109. ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504
  110. ↑ Muhammad Yasin Mahzar Siddiqi, Role of Booty in the economy during the prophets time, Vol. 1, King Abdul Aziz University , p.11. (archive), "In the sixth year of the hijrah (June, 627-May, 628A.D.) there were three ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."
  111. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 96. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  112. ↑ Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, p. 534-535.
  113. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 96. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH OF MUHAMMAD IBN MASLAMAH AGAINST AL-QURATA
  114. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. (online)
  115. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. (online)
  116. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 104. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Then occurred the sariyyah of 'Ukkashah Ibn Mihsan al-Asadl on al-Ghamr.
  117. 1 2 Tabari, Al (2008), The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 119, ISBN 978-0887063442
  118. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 105. ASIN B0007JAWMK. despatched Muhammad Ibn Maslamah with ten men towards Bana Tha'labah and Bana 'Uwal, a branch of Bana Tia'labah who were...
  119. ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator) (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917 (online)
  120. ↑ Yahiya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (2005), Riyad-us Saliheen, Islamic Books See no. 1309
  121. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 97. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  122. 1 2 3 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 99. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  123. ↑ Tabari, The History of Al-Tabari Vol. 8: The Victory of Islam: Muhammad at Medina A, p. 43, SUNY Press, 1997, ISBN 0791431509
  124. ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0195773071. Then there was the raid on Muhammad's private herd of camels by 'Uyaynah b. Hisn al-Fazari, who was doubtless annoyed because Muhammad had broken off negotiations with him over the withdrawal of Ghatafan. The raid was a small affair. Only 40 enemy horsemen were involved, and the booty was only 20 milking camels; 8 Muslims pursued on horseback, recovered half the camels, and killed 4 of the raiders for the loss of i of their own number. External link in |title= (help) (free online)
  125. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 100. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  126. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 106. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  127. ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-0195773071. One was a little-known expedition about September 627 External link in |title= (help) (free online)
  128. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 107. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  129. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. (online)
  130. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 107. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards al-Taraf
  131. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226. (online)
  132. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 108. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha against Hisma
  133. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 109. ASIN B0007JAWMK. Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards Wadi al-Qura
  134. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 207-209. (online)
  135. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 490.
  136. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  137. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 672.
  138. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 110. ASIN B0007JAWMK. SARIYYAH OF 'ALI IBN ABl TALIB AGAINST BANU SA'D IBN BAKR AT FADAK
  139. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
  140. 1 2 3 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 95–97, ISBN 9780791431504
  141. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 1:4:234
  142. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. (online)
  143. ↑ Tirmidhi (Partial translation), see no. 3923, p. 182.
  144. ↑ Nasiruddin Khattab, English Translation of Musnad Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal, Darussalam, 2012, ISBN 6035001076 (online txt) (onlinde pdf)
  145. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 665. Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam
  146. ↑ Emory C. Bogle (1998), Islam: origin and belief, University of Texas Press, p. 19.
  147. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.
  148. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 211. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  149. 1 2 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 180. ISBN 978-9960897714.(online)
  150. ↑ Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri, also see Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version
  151. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).
  152. ↑ Watt, W. Montgomery (1956). Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0195773071. Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed. External link in |title= (help) (free online)
  153. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 238. (online)
  154. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.
  155. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433-434.
  156. 1 2 Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, enumerating with them the expedition of Wadi al-Qura. He stated that he fought there with his slave Mid'am
  157. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 146. ASIN B0007JAWMK. The Sariyyah of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah show him mercy, on Turabah
  158. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 146. ASIN B0007JAWMK. The Sariyyah of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, on Banu Kilab at Najd
  159. 1 2 3 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 205. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  160. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 148. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  161. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 149. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  162. ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 132, ISBN 9780791431504
  163. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 212. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  164. 1 2 3 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 156. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  165. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 149. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF BASHIR IBN SA'D AL-ANSARI TOWARDS YAMAN AND JAMAR
  166. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. (online)
  167. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 153. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF IBN ABI AL-'AWJA AL-SULAMI AGAINST BAND SULAYM
  168. ↑ William Muir (2003), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413
  169. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 157. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF SHUJA' IBN WAHB AL-ASADl AGAINST BANU AMIR AT AL-SIYYI
  170. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 158. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF KA'B IBN 'UMAYR AL-GHIFARl TOWARDS DHAT ATLAH BEYOND WADI AL-QURA. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of Ka'b Ibn 'Umayr al-Ghifar? towards Dhat Atlah which lies beyond Wadi al-Qura in the month of Rabi' al-Awwal of the eighth...
  171. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 246. (online)
  172. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. (online)
  173. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714. Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629
  174. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 162. ASIN B0007JAWMK. The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura
  175. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714. Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629
  176. 1 2 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 163. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  177. ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator) (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917 (online)
  178. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. (online)
  179. 1 2 Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. pp. 671–672.
  180. 1 2 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 9780791431504
  181. 1 2 3 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 218. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  182. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. (online)
  183. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 164. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  184. ↑ Sahih Muslim, 43:7176
  185. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition. p. 94.
  186. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition. p. 94.
  187. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 164. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.
  188. 1 2 3 4 Wahid Khan, Maulana (2002), Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity, Goodword, pp. 327–333
  189. ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:582
  190. ↑ Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2678
  191. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.
  192. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 165–174. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  193. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  194. 1 2 3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. (online)
  195. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī (translator). Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9), Volume 9. p. 320. (online)
  196. ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. p. 25. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  197. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 181. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF 'AMR IBN AL-'AS AGAINST SUWA'
  198. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 181. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  199. ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 13–14. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  200. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 561.
  201. ↑ Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of Ṣahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.
  202. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 561.
  203. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 183. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  204. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. (online)
  205. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. (online)
  206. 1 2 3 4 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 194. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  207. ↑ Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) (1998), Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors, State University of New York (SUNY) Press, p. 101, ISBN 0791428192, Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630
  208. ↑ Ashraf, Shahid (15 Jun 2005), Encyclopaedia Of Holy Prophet And Companion (Set Of 15 Vols.), Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd, p. 31, ISBN 978-8126119400
  209. ↑ Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ḥanbal, Susan Ann Spectorsky (translator), Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm Ibn Rāhwayh (1993). Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn Ḥanbal and Ibn Rāhwayh. University of Texas Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780292776722.
  210. ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 24, ISBN 9781861795632 (online) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"
  211. ↑ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 17, ISBN 978-0887066917. See footnote 128
  212. 1 2 3 Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 17
  213. ↑ Sameh, Strauch (2003), Miracles of the messenger, Darussalam Research Division, p. 177, ISBN 978-9960897561
  214. ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 481, ISBN 978-9960899558 Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD
  215. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 591.
  216. ↑ Ibn Hisham , Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator) (1998). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 591.
  217. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 228. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  218. 1 2 3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 269. (online)
  219. ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (11 November 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 26 (Part 26), MSA Publication Ltd, p. 110, ISBN 978-1861797469
  220. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 198. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  221. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 229. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  222. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. pp. 200–201. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  223. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 230. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  224. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 201. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  225. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 231. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  226. 1 2 3 4 Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK. THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH
  227. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  228. ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 233. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  229. 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 269-270. (online)
  230. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  231. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 202. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  232. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN 978-9960897714.
  233. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 203. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  234. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.
  235. ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 107. ISBN 978-1861796509.
  236. ↑ Saed Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad (29 October 2009). The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir. MSA Publication Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 978-1861796509.
  237. ↑ Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 205. ASIN B0007JAWMK.
  238. ↑ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 46, ISBN 978-0887066917 Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630
  239. ↑ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 45–46
  240. ↑ Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator) (2009). The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition. Tafsir Ibn Kathir (MSA Publication Limited). p. 176. ISBN 1861796501. Retrieved 29 June 2011. Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)
  241. ↑ Rahman al Mubarakpuri, Saifur. Tafsir ibn Kathir(abridged). p. 515. (Online)
  242. ↑ Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, p. 60
  243. 1 2 William Pickthall, Marmaduke (1967). Islamic culture, Volume 9. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191. ISBN 978-1142491741. Original is from the University of Virginia
  244. 1 2 ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. p. 48. ASIN B002G9N1NQ.
  245. ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 48–49. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  246. ↑ Jandora, John Walter (1990), The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests, Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan, p. 42, ISBN 9780940670334
  247. 1 2 Tabari, Al (25 Sep 1990), The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn), State University of New York Press, pp. 88–89
  248. ↑ Saed Abdul Rahman, Muhammad (11 Nov 2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Ltd, p. 125, ISBN 978-1861796776
  249. ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 82-84.
  250. ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 83 & 84. See footnotes
  251. ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 89.
  252. ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 290.
  253. ↑ Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 90.
  254. ↑ Glasse, Cyril (28 Jan 2003). The new encyclopedia of Islam. US: AltaMira Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0759101906.
  255. ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–2. ASIN B002G9N1NQ.
  256. ↑ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–32. ASIN B002G9N1NQ. (online)
  257. ↑ Gil, Moshe (1997), A history of Palestine, 634-1099, Cambridge University Press, p. 31, ISBN 978-0521599849
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  260. ↑ Tabari, Al (1993), The conquest of Arabia, State University of New York Press, p. 16, ISBN 978-0791410714
  261. ↑ Kathryn Kueny, The Rhetoric of Sobriety: Wine in Early Islam, pg. 59. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. ISBN 9780791490181
  262. ↑ Ibn Khaldun, Muqaddimah, vol. 2, pg. 298. Trns. Franz Rosenthal. Issue 43 of Bollingen Series (General) Series. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967. ISBN 9780691097978

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