External cephalic version

External cephalic version
Intervention
ICD-9-CM 73.91

External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. It is usually performed after about 37 weeks.[1] It is often reserved for late pregnancy because breech presentation greatly decreases with every week.

It can be contrasted with "internal cephalic version", which involves the hand inserted through the cervix.[2]

Process

In this procedure hands are placed on the mother's abdomen around the baby. The baby is moved up and away from the pelvis and gently turned in several steps from breech, to a sideways position, and finally to a head first presentation.

External cephalic version performed before term may decrease the rate of breech presentation compared to external cephalic version at term, but may increase the risk of preterm delivery.[3] There is some evidence to support the use of tocolytic drugs in external cephalic version.[4] Use of intravenous nitroglycerin has been proposed.[5]

Complications and risks

As with any procedure there can be complications most of which can be greatly decreased by having an experienced professional on the birth team. An ultrasound to estimate a sufficient amount of amniotic fluid and monitoring of the fetus immediately after the procedure can also help minimize risks.

Typical risks include umbilical cord entanglement, abruptio placenta, preterm labor, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and severe maternal discomfort. Overall complication rates have ranged from about 1 to 2 percent since 1979. While somewhat out of favor between 1970 and 1980, the procedure has seen an increase in use due to its relative safety.

Successful external cephalic version significantly decreases the rate of cesarean section, however women are still at an increased risk of instrumental delivery and cesarean section compared to women with spontaneous cephalic presentation.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Women's Health Advisor 2009.1: External Repositioning of the Baby (External Cephalic Version)".
  2. ↑ NEELY MR (May 1959). "Combined internal cephalic version". Ulster Med J 28 (1): 30–4. PMC 2384304. PMID 13669146.
  3. ↑ Hutton, EK; Hofmeyr, GJ; Dowswell, T (29 July 2015). "External cephalic version for breech presentation before term.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 7: CD000084. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000084.pub3. PMID 26222245.
  4. ↑ Cluver, C; Gyte, GM; Sinclair, M; Dowswell, T; Hofmeyr, GJ (9 February 2015). "Interventions for helping to turn term breech babies to head first presentation when using external cephalic version.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2: CD000184. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000184.pub4. PMID 25674710.
  5. ↑ Hilton J, Allan B, Swaby C, et al. (September 2009). "Intravenous nitroglycerin for external cephalic version: a randomized controlled trial". Obstet Gynecol 114 (3): 560–7. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b05a19. PMID 19701035.
  6. ↑ de Hundt, M; Velzel, J; de Groot, CJ; Mol, BW; Kok, M (June 2014). "Mode of delivery after successful external cephalic version: a systematic review and meta-analysis.". Obstetrics and gynecology 123 (6): 1327–34. doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000000295. PMID 24807332.

External links

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