Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor

Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor
President	Francisco "Lu Olo" Guterres
Secretary-General	Mari Alkatiri
Founded	11 September 1974
Headquarters	Avenida Martires da Patria, Comoro, Dili, East Timor
Youth wing	East Timor Youth and Students Organisation
Ideology	Democratic socialism Social democracy Left-wing nationalism
Political position	Left-wing
International affiliation	Progressive Alliance, Socialist International (consultative status)
Colours	Red, Black, Yellow
National Parliament	25 / 65
Party flag
Website
www.fretilin.org
Politics of East Timor Political parties Elections

The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Portuguese: Frente Revolucionária de Timor-Leste Independente or FReTiLIn) is a leftist political party in East Timor. They presently hold a plurality of seats in the National Parliament and formed the government in East Timor from independence until 2007. The party began as a resistance movement that fought for the independence of East Timor, first from Portugal and then from Indonesia, between 1974 and 1998. It was originally called the Timorese Social Democratic Association (ASDT). After East Timor gained its independence from Indonesia, FRETILIN became one of several parties competing for power in a multi-party system.

Fretilin holds consultative status with the Socialist International.

History before independence

In 1978 Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, then the FRETILIN leader, was killed by the Indonesian military. The armed military wing of FRETILIN, which engaged in a guerrilla war against the Indonesian military during the Indonesian occupation of East Timor was known as Falintil.

History since independence

In the first elections, held in 2001, the year before independence, FRETILIN polled 57.4% of the vote and took 55 seats in the 88-seat Assembly. While this gave the party a working majority, it fell short of the two-thirds majority it had hoped for to dictate the drafting of a national constitution.

In the June 2007 parliamentary election, FRETILIN again took first place, but with a greatly reduced 29% of the vote and 21 seats.^[1] In the election it faced a challenge from the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT), led by former president Xanana Gusmão, which placed second. Although FRETILIN did not win a majority of seats, its Secretary-General, Mari Alkatiri, spoke of forming a minority government.^[2] The party formed a national unity government which included the CNRT,^[3] a collaboration that they had previously rejected.

However, subsequent talks between the parties were unsuccessful in reaching an agreement on a government. After weeks of dispute between the CNRT-led coalition and FRETILIN over who should form the government, José Ramos-Horta announced on 6 August that the CNRT-led coalition would form the government and that Gusmão would become Prime Minister. FRETILIN denounced Ramos Horta's decision as unconstitutional, and angry FRETILIN supporters in Dili immediately reacted to Ramos-Horta's announcement with violent protests.^[4][5] Alkatiri said that the party would fight the decision through legal means^[6] and would encourage people to protest and practice civil disobedience.^[7] A few days later, FRETILIN Vice-President Arsénio Bano said that the party would not challenge the government in court, and expressed a desire for a "political solution" leading to the creation of a national unity government.^[8]

Election results

Legislative elections

Election	Total seats won	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader
2001	55 / 88	208,531	57.37%	55 seats; Governing party	Mari Alkatiri
2007	21 / 65	120,592	29.02%	34 seats; Opposition	Mari Alkatiri
2012	25 / 65	140,786	29.87%	4 seats; Opposition	Mari Alkatiri

Presidential elections

Election	Candidate	1st round (Total votes)	Share of votes	Outcome	2nd round (Total votes)	Share of votes	Outcome
2007	Francisco Guterres	112,666	27.89%	Runoff	127,342	30.82%	Lost N
2012	Francisco Guterres	133,635	28.76%	Runoff	174,408	38.77%	Lost N

References

1. "National Provisional Results from the 30 June 2007 Parliamentary Elections", Comissão Nacional de Eleições Timor-Leste, 9 July 2007.
2. "Rival of East Timor independence hero proposes alternative government", Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 6 July 2007.
3. "East Timor parties to form a unity government", Reuters (International Herald Tribune), 16 July 2007.
4. "East Timor's Independence Hero To Be Next Prime Minister", VOA News, 6 August 2007.
5. Lindsay Murdoch, "Violence greets Horta's PM decision", smh.com.au, 6 August 2007.
6. "Riots after Gusmao named E Timor PM", Al Jazeera, 7 August 2007.
7. Lindsay Murdoch, "Fretilin threatens 'people-power' coup", theage.com.au, 9 August 2007.
8. "Planned challenge to E Timor Govt dropped", AFP (abc.net.au), 15 August 2007.