Fang Lijun

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Fang.

Fang Lijun (Chinese: 方力钧; born 1963, Handan, Hebei province, China) is an artist based in Beijing . He was born into a wealthy family with a high social status. In the 1990s, there was a cultural movement[1] in China referred to as Cynical Realism of which Fang Lijun was a member. Living in China during this critical time [1] shaped his worldview in terms of his views on art, human values and morality.

Biography

Fang Lijun attended Children Cultural Place school.[1] During his time at school, he met Li Xianting (who would later be a famous critic) and was introduced to watercolors, oil paints and ink.

Fang Lijun decided to leave high school to pursue his artistic dream. He made a decision to go to Hebei Light Industry Technology school to study ceramics for three years. However, Fang Lijun did not want to stop his studies there. Instead of having an intellectual job in ceramics department, he prepared himself to take the entrance exam to enroll at the Central Academy of Fine Arts in Beijing. He was fascinated by the medium of oil painting and chose it for his final graduation project.[1]

At the beginning of 1992, Fang Lijun moved to Yuanmingyuan village in north-west Beijing.[1] Due to the economy and other difficult cultural issues, painters wanted to create a utopia where they could freely paint and express themselves. That was when Yuanmingyuan village drew artists' attention. At the time, painters like Fang Lijun had to face many obstacles and challenges, particular financial issues. In order to be able to paint, they needed to have funds to buy materials. However, there was no certainty that they would receive any funding, so it was extremely difficult for painters to be able to follow what they love. Fang Lijun and other artists like him had to paint for a living due to the economic pressure.[1]

Style

Fang Lijun made a large number of works featuring the subject "bald heads".[1] Under the influence of his family and friends, his art expresses the freedom, the integrity in two different settings: traditional and modern era, and the will of making a change.[1] He explained in an interview that he wished to send a message about the lives of painters through bald-head figures. The bald headed traditional Chinese men are viewed as dumb or stupid.[1] Through these figures, he is sending a message about morality and how people define what is normal based on physical appearance, rather than internal moral character. Fang Lijun values the individual stories of each person. He is asking the society to look at painters as normal people, as people who are making a change, rather than as eccentric outcasts.

In his paintings, he also uses elements of water and flower a lot. Water plays a big role in Fang Lijun's paintings. On an interview, he explained that water is helping him convey a message about his feeling and his voice about the truth and what is going in Chinese society.[1] His famous work with water is a man being drowned in water. Part of the reason for this painting relates to his childhood experience when he was almost drown.[1] The second and most important part relation about this painting is he is expressing his feelings about the Chinese society. When the man is drowning in the water, it represents painters like Fang Lijun.[1] He feels like he does not have a voice, that he is powerless in this societal structure and that he cannot even make his own decision or speak the truth. Also, his hope is to freely go and move in the water metaphorically. He is hoping to be able to speak for himself, for other artists and to inspire everyone.

He is one of the artists who is standing in the middle line between traditional and modern practice. For example, he still follows the process of the carving wood with the negative image, coats it with ink and then impresses the image on the paper.[1] Because one art projects requires different color immersion, Fang uses different plates and a set order of printing on different adjoined scrolls. Each scroll represents for one individual against the mass which leads to "personal probity" in facing adversity.[1]

Cynical Realism

The earliest exhibition about the Cynical Realism was done by Fang Lijun and Liu Wei.[1] "Wanshi"-Cynical Realism which is translated into English is "cynical'. However, this English term cannot fully cover the whole meaning of the attachment of reality and life. The figures in Cynical Realism's paintings were cynical, distorted and accidental. In each of these painting, there is a sense of "self - mockery and ridiculous snippets of the surrounding circumstances".[1] Different metaphysical questions and searches were discarded by this Cynical Realism. Fang Lijun said: "The bastard can be duped a hundred times but he still falls for the same old trick. We'd rather be called losers , bores, basket cases, scoundrels, or airheads, than ever be cheated again".[1]

Leading the Cyncial Realist movement after 1989, "Fang Lijan is considered one of the most important figures in Chinese contemporary art". Fang Lijan is famous with his "illustrative style and bald-headed" figures.[2] In these paintings, bald headed young men are in different motions: yawning, smiling, swimming, etc. Some of the figures are described as confusion or considered "dumbfounded by modern society".[2] His figures represent the loss in direction of youths in China after 1989. Further more, some critics view these figures as inward looking monks which challenge the idea of orthodoxy. He has repeated painting a stereotypical bald head Chinese men with a "stupid" smiles.[2] There was a shift in his painting before the 1990s and after the 1990s. Before, the relationship between the figures were easy to be predicted. The background was clearer with different details to help "picture-reader" understood the paintings. However, after the 1990s, there was a big shift in the way he portrayed these figures.[1] The relationship is hard to interpret when there usually was a big figure in the front and other small figures in the back. The background was not the main focus of the painting however, it still played a role. This shift leads to a new way of interpretation painting and allow everybody to read and challenge the idea of "representation" (book). Some people this shift is considered a self-mokery and dealt with distance.[2]

1991.6.1. painting

It is a woodblock print which consists of five fabric scrolls (490.9 cm x 606.2 cm in total approximately) . This painting is a compositions of bald headed crowd with sky and clouds in a gray scale. The most important detail in this picture is the large head with an anonymous finger pointing to the sky. This figure is turning so only his left face is shown. He is looking at his finger with a very distinct smirk on his face . His right side is frozen and only some upper teeth are shown. Within a crowd, there are all bald head and facing upward to look to the sky or where the finger is pointing. Some of them have strong emotion by the facial expressions, some are reaching their hands and some look confused. The crowd is painted in a much denser level.

This painting reveals confusion and lost. The crowd does not know where to go and where to look at. The gray scale of this painting reflects the uncertainty as well as the strong emotion of people during this era. There is a sense of loss in direction which represents for the youths and artists in China who are uncertain about the future. Fang Lijan painted the crowd with non distinctive figures to reveal his feeling during that time. The definitions of self-identity and nation-identity are lost. The figures' faces are distorted from suffering through searching or finding for something that is nowhere to be found. Some other critics view the large figure as Christ-like image because Fang Lijan is influenced by Western culture and style

Other paintings

The Working Class Must Exercise Leadership in Everything, 1970: This painting has similar figures to the 1991.6.1 . There is a crowd with a large figure of Chairman Mao. However, instead of having a gray scale, this painting is painted in bright colors to represent for a new hope that leads to empowerment and happiness. In this painting, Chairman Mao is considered a bright leader who will bring joy and peace to the country. People in the crowd has a happy and confidence look under the direction or plan of Chairman Mao. The Chairman is drawn bigger than the other figures. The artist intentionally put a more focused details on the Chairman character to emphasize his role as a big brother or father that is pointing or leading people to a better place.

30th Mary: This painting is still under the Cynical Realists and bald head figures . In this painting, the background and the children are painted in bright colors . Besides, figures are located in the spiral pattern in which children are flying back to heaven. There are two different critic approach to this picture. One approach is that this painting reveals a new hope for the young generation that can change the future of China. People have hopes on the youths that they can restructure or remodel the society so that everybody can have a voice and everybody lives in freedom. The other approach describes death as a relief from this life. Because life is too stressful or too complicated, death becomes the best solution to escape from this world to go to a more peaceful place such as heaven.

"China/Avant-Garde" exhibition

This exhibition took place in February 1989. It was first denied access by the government. Some of the artists decided to move the artist's villages to begin to make a "department art".[2] The target audience of the artists was not public but rather, was other artists/painters among the circle of friends. Fang Lijun's works were shown during this exhibition.[2] Due to different economic and political stretch, there were a lot of attention that was being drawn from this exhibition among the artists. The intention is to motivate movement of the society to reinforce a new structure of China. When the corruption happened, people started getting lost in direction of where to go or how to change the country. The China/Avant-Garde called people together to make a bigger change to fire up different movements that happened right after this exhibition [2]

New Generation exhibition

This New Generation exhibition was held to draw people's attention the Cynical Realism. This took place in July 1991 in the National History Museum in Beijing.[2] There were many new major painters such as Fang Lijun, Liu Wei, Song Yonghong, etc. who participate and helped out with this event. This exhibition is known as a starter for the trend of realistic painting. In this event, Fang Lijun and other new painters introduced to the society a new of thinking, new way of painting and new way of criticizing the meaning behind each art work. The paintings in his exhibition mostly focused on the national identity, cultural change and other related issues through stereotypical bald head men, family style and people's faces.

Exhibitions

  1996: Human Images in an Uncertain Age, The Japan Foundation Asia Center, Tokyo .
  1999: d'APERTutto, 48th Venice Biennale, Venice 
  2001: Asian Fine Art, Berlin .
  2002: Between Beijing and Dali, Woodcuts and Paintings 1989-2002, Ludwig Forum Fur InternationaleKunst Aachen .
  2004: Leben Ist Jetzt, Alexander Ochs Galleries Berlin, Beijing, Berlin, Germany .
  2005: National Galerie/China Art Museum, Beijing, China  .
  2006: Kupferstichkabinett Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Germany .
  2016: Chinese Whispers, Museum of Fine Arts Bern, Bern, Switzerland

He has shown work internationally in exhibitions including The Next Ones at Alexander Ochs , Beijing, New Work, New Acquisitions at the Museum of Modern Art in New York and Alors, la Chine? at the Pompidou Centre in Paris. He is represented by Galerie am Gendarmenmarkt in Berlin, Thomas Erben in New York, Soobin Art International in Singapore and Hanmo Gallery in Beijing. Fang Lijun is a founder of the Cynical Realist style in China and works often include aggressive, bald figures.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Lu%u0308, Peng. "21-New Art and Artists." A History of Art in 20th-Century China. Milano: Charta, 2010. 953-57. Print.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lu%u0308, Peng, and Bruce G. Doar. "11-The Reborn Modern." A Pocket History of 20th- century Chinese Art. Milano: Charta, 2010. 482-85. Print.
  3. ↑ Amy Page (September 25, 2007), Strong Sales at Asia Week, ARTINFO, retrieved 2008-04-17

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Saturday, May 07, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.