inotify

Inotify (inode notify) is a Linux kernel subsystem that acts to extend filesystems to notice changes to the filesystem, and report those changes to applications. It replaces an earlier facility, dnotify, which had similar goals.

Inotify was created by John McCutchan,[1] and it was merged into the Linux kernel mainline in kernel version 2.6.13, released on August 29, 2005;[2] later kernel versions included further improvements. The required library interfaces were added into the GNU C Library (glibc) in its version 2.4, released in March 2006, while the support for inotify was completed in glibc version 2.5, released in September 2006.[3]

One major use is in desktop search utilities like Beagle, where its functionality permits reindexing of changed files without scanning the filesystem for changes every few minutes, which would be very inefficient. By being told directly by the kernel that a file has changed, indexing utilities can achieve change-to-reindexing times of only about a second.

Inotify can also be used to automatically update directory views, reload configuration files, log changes, backup, synchronize, and upload.

Limitations

Limitations imposed by inotify include the following:

History

Advantages over dnotify

There are a number of advantages when using inotify when compared to the older dnotify API that it replaced.[5][6][7] With dnotify, a program had to use one file descriptor for each directory that it was monitoring. This can become a bottleneck since the limit of file descriptors per process could be reached. Later, fanotify was created to overcome this issue. The use of file descriptors along with dnotify also proved to be a problem when using removable media. Devices could not be unmounted since file descriptors kept the resource busy.

Another drawback of dnotify is the level of granularity, since programmers can only monitor changes at the directory level. To access detailed information about the environmental changes that occur when a notification message is sent, a stat structure must be used; this is considered a necessary evil in that a cache of stat structures has to be maintained, for every new stat structure generated a comparison is run against the cached one.

The inotify API uses fewer file descriptors, allowing programmers to use the established select and poll interface, rather than the signal notification system used by dnotify. This also makes integration with existing select- or poll-based libraries (like GLib) easier.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "fa.linux.kernal post [RFC][PATCH] inotify 0.8". 2004-07-29. Retrieved 2013-08-19.
  2. 1 2 Linux 2.6.13, kernelnewbies.org
  3. 1 2 3 inotify man page
  4. ↑ Robert Love, Linux system programming. O'Reilly, p. 236
  5. ↑ Michael Kerrisk (14 July 2014). "Filesystem notification, part 2: A deeper investigation of inotify". LWN.net.
  6. ↑ Why inotify?
  7. ↑ inotify README file

External links

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