Finnish minelayer Ruotsinsalmi

Ruotsinsalmi
History
Finland
Name:	Ruotsinsalmi
Namesake:	Battle of Ruotsinsalmi (1790)
Builder:	Wärtsilä Crichton-Vulcan, Turku
Launched:	October 1940
Commissioned:	1941
Decommissioned:	1975
Fate:	Decommissioned in 1975, scrapped in the 1990s
General characteristics
Class and type:	Ruotsinsalmi-class minelayer
Displacement:	310 t
Length:	50.0 m (164 ft 1 in)
Beam:	7.9 m (25 ft 11 in)
Draught:	1.5 m (4 ft 11 in)
Propulsion:	2 × Rateau diesel (835 kW (1,120 hp)) later 2 × MAN diesel (894 kW (1,199 hp))
Speed:	15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
Armament:	[design] 1 × 75 mm 1 × 40 mm Bofors 2 × 20 mm/60 cal Madsen anti-aircraft cannons About 100 mines (3 mine-laying rails) Depth charge launchers Smoke generators

Ruotsinsalmi was a minelayer of the Finnish Navy and the namesake of her class. Ruotsinsalmi was commissioned in 1940 and remained in service until 1975. The vessel was named after the battle of Ruotsinsalmi, which was fought between Sweden and Russia in 1790.

New minelayers for the navy

Funding for two new minelayers had been secured as early as in 1937, but instead the money was used to refurbish the garrison at Mäkiluoto.

Ruotsinsalmi and her sister vessel, Riilahti, were intended as escort minesweepers for the Finnish navy's coastal defence ships Ilmarinen and Väinämöinen, and they were therefore designed with a draught of only 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in). Ruotsinsalmi was armed with one 75-millimetre (3.0 in) gun, one Bofors 40 mm guns and two Madsen 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons. The vessel had three mine dropping rails, and could carry about 100 mines. The ship could also hunt submarines, and was equipped with sonar, depth charge throwers and rails. The vessel was also strong enough to be able to tow mine sweeping equipment. It was equipped with smoke generators so it could protect itself and other near-by vessels from the enemy.

During the Continuation War

Ruotsinsalmi and Riilahti began mining the Gulf of Finland on 26 June 1941, immediately after the outbreak of the Continuation War. The first minefield, Kipinola, Ruotsinsalmi laid together with Riilahti south-east of Hanko which was intended to block Soviet seaways to Hanko. Same group laid already on 27 June the next minefield, Kuolemajärvi, north-west of Paldiski again to block route to Hanko. Another one, Valkjärvi, was laid on 29–30 June. ^[1]

Minefields laid by Ruotsinsalmi in 1941^[2]

Date	Mines	Location	Laid by
26 June	200 contact mines	SE of Hanko	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi
27.6.	200 contact mines	NE of Osmussaar	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi
30.6.	200 contact mines	NE of Juminda	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi
21.7.	85 contact mines 15 anti-sweep obstacles	N of Mohni	Ruotsinsalmi
10.8.	201 contact mines	NE of Juminda	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi
11.8.	195 contact mines	NE of Juminda	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi
13.8.	200 contact mines	NE of Juminda	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi
12.11.	139 contact mines	SSE of Helsinki	Riilahti Ruotsinsalmi

Ruotsinsalmi together with Riilahti participated in ferrying the Finnish gunboats past Hanko in August 1941. After two failed attempts by gunboats to rendezvous with minelayers on the nights of 25-26 and 27–28 August the minelayers penetrated the Soviet minefield and met with the gunboats west of Hanko and then escorted them through to Helsinki on 29 August 1941.^[3]

Ruotsinsalmi again with Riilahti were sent on 21 November to as minesweeping escorts for convoy of German ships consisting of two tugs and a depot ship headed to west through the Soviet minebarrier south of Hanko. However in the dark the convoy deviated from the swept route and as the sweeping gear became entangled with mines it had stop. Before the convoy managed to resume its journey, tug Föhn slipped outside the swept area and sank after hitting a mine but the rest of the convoy reached its destination. The voyage back through the minebarrier with a convoy of freighters started at midnight of 3 December after the escort group had been strengthened with German minesweepers M 4 and M 7 and it took place without any incidents.^[4]

Ruotsinsalmi was Finland's most active minelayer during the Second World War, laying a total of 3,967 sea mines and 541 sweeping obstacles. She was forced to lay mines against the Germans after the end of the hostilities with the Soviet Union in an attempt to hinder German submarine activity.^[5]

She participated in the sinking of two Soviet submarines, Shch-317 on 15 July 1942 (along with VMV 16) and Shch-408 on 25 May 1943 (along with VMV 6).

After the war

Ruotsinsalmi had proven to be a sound design and well suited for its task. However, it continued to serve a number of different missions after the war. The ship ended its career as a diving support vessel (1973–1975). She was mothballed in Upinniemi, and there were plans to make her into a museum, but she was scrapped at the beginning of the 1990s, after the owners had failed to gather enough funds.

References

Citations

1. Kijanen 1968, p. 18-19.
2. Kijanen 1968, p. 23.
3. Kijanen 1968, p. 41-43.
4. Kijanen 1968, p. 65-66.
5. Kijanen 1968, p. 232-233.

Bibliography

• Kijanen, Kalervo (1968). Suomen Laivasto 1918–1968, II [Finnish Navy 1918–1968, part II]. Helsinki, Finland: Meriupseeriyhdistys/Otavan Kirjapaino.