Fischerinsel

Köllnischer Fischmarkt, 1886; Breite Straße now meets Gertraudenstraße at this point

Fischerinsel (Fisher Island) is the southern part of the island in the River Spree which was formerly the location of the city of Cölln and is now part of central Berlin. The northern part of the island is known as Museum Island. Fischerinsel is normally said to extend south from Gertraudenstraße and is named for a fishermen's settlement which formerly occupied the southern end of the island. Until the mid-twentieth-century it was a well preserved pre-industrial neighbourhood, and most of the buildings survived World War II, but in the 1960s and 1970s under the German Democratic Republic it was levelled and replaced with a development of residential tower blocks.

History

Off Fischerstraße, 1952, Altes Stadthaus tower in background

The original settlement of fishermen and other boatmen and their families was part of Cölln from 1237 on. The neighbourhood, which occupies approximately 8 hectares (20 acres; 0.031 sq mi) had many relatively well to do inhabitants, but during the 17th century it became a crowded neighbourhood of poor people and came to be known as the Fischerkiez (fishing village).[1][2][3] In 1709, Cölln united with Berlin, whose old centre lay on the east bank of the river. In the 18th century, boating professions became less important as the city industrialised. As a result, in the early 19th century, the Fischerinsel district stopped developing and became a neighbourhood which preserved the look of old Berlin, including the last gabled houses in the city. In the 20th century it became a tourist attraction.

The neighbourhood and its high street, Fischerstraße, remained comparatively untouched after World War II.[4][n 1] Like the rest of the borough of Mitte, it fell into the Soviet Zone which became East Berlin. In 1954, a plan was drawn up for the neighbourhood which emphasised conservation of the surviving buildings. Later plans envisaged replacement with low density housing (1957) and a perimeter development of tower blocks. However, in 1960 an overall plan was adopted for central Berlin which required demolition of all the buildings in the Fischerinsel area.[5] This was done beginning in 1964, including 30 registered landmarks, and the ancient street plan was effaced. The painter Otto Nagel, in the last years of his life, documented it in a series of pastels entitled Abschied vom Fischerkiez (Farewell to the Fishing Village),[6] after calling in vain for its preservation in 1955.

Breite Straße was extended and beginning in 1967, five residential tower blocks were built; they were announced as the "first group of high-rise buildings in the capital",[5] but later conflicted with plans for a grand central urban axis.[7] In 1971–73, the dramatic Großgaststätte Ahornblatt (Great Maple Leaf Restaurant)[8] was added to serve the neighbourhood, which ultimately also included the five 21-storey blocks, a double block with 18- and 21-storey sections,[n 2] a swimming centre opened in October 1979,[9] two kindergartens, and a supermarket.[1] In 2000 the Ahornblatt was demolished, to be replaced by a multi-use centre including a hotel, flats and offices, despite protests that it should be preserved.[10] As a result of the redevelopment of the site, the old locations of Roßstraße, Petristraße, Grünstraße and Gertraudenstraße can be seen in places.

Notable buildings

Cölln Town Hall, about 1880; Petrikirche in the background

The Petrikirche (St. Peter's Church) on Petriplatz, abutting Gertraudenstraße on the north side, was the parish church of Cölln and is presumed to have been founded in the first half of the 13th century, around the time the cities of Berlin and Cölln were both granted their charters.[11][12] The last of five churches on the site, the second neo-Gothic church in the city, was designed by Heinrich Strack and built in 1846–53.[13][14] It had a spire 111 metres (364 ft) high which was for some time the tallest building in Berlin.[11][14] The building was wrecked by artillery fire and burnt during the battle for Berlin in 1945 because a Waffen-SS unit was holed up inside,[11][15] and was demolished in 1964 as part of the clearance of the Fischerinsel.[5][13] In its place will be built the House Of One - the world's first house of prayer for three religions.

The last Cölln Town Hall (Rathaus) faced the Köllnischer Fischmarkt. It was designed by the court architect, Martin Grünberg, and built in 1710–23 in baroque style, but as a cost-cutting measure, the tower and entrance stairs were not built. It was demolished in 1899/90.[16]

The inn Zum Nußbaum at Fischerstraße 21, built in 1705 according to an inscription over the cellar entrance[17][18] and named for the nut tree which formerly stood outside it, was one of the oldest remaining drinking establishments in the city. It was popular with tourists and had been frequented and depicted by Heinrich Zille and Otto Nagel. Destroyed in 1943, it was recreated in 1987 in the Nikolaiviertel as part of the East German creation of a tourist old town there.[19][20][21][22][n 3]

The Großgaststätte Ahornblatt, designed by Gerhard Lehmann, Ulrich Müther, Rüdiger Plaethe and Helmut Stingel, was built in 1971–73. It was registered as a city landmark in 1995 for its modern East German architecture, but was nonetheless demolished in 2000.[10][23][24]

Notable residents

Notes

  1. ↑ The Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein encyclopedia entry and the city tourist information page on the Fischerinsel state that there was considerable destruction in the Fischerinsel: "stark zerstört", "weitgehend zerstört".
  2. ↑ According to the city tourist information page, there are two double tower blocks.
  3. ↑ The Ermelerhaus, a patrician townhouse in rococo style that stood at Breite Straße 11, within old Cölln but north of the Fischerinsel neighbourhood, was demolished in 1966/67 but likewise reconstructed, at Märkisches Ufer 12 in Neukölln am Wasser, on the other side of the Spree Canal from the Fischerinsel: Ermeler-Haus, Denkmale in Berlin, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, revised 13 July 2012 (German). The city tourist information page, however, says that this was a house from Friedrichsgracht 15.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Fischerinsel, Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Mitte, Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein, 2002, updated 7 October 2009 (German)
  2. ↑ Fischerinsel, Sehenswürdigkeiten, Berlin.de (German)
  3. ↑ Kirsten Niemann, "Zwischen Dom und Baubrachen", Auf den Spuren von Berlins berühmten Einwohnern (12), Berliner Zeitung, 10 June 2009 (German)
  4. ↑ Brian Ladd, The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape, Chicago: University of Chicago, 1997, ISBN 9780226467603, p. 47.
  5. 1 2 3 Martin Kieren, "The 1960s: The Legacy of Modernism—Curse or Blessing?" in City of Architecture, Architecture of the City: Berlin 1900–2000, ed. Thorsten Scheer, Josef Paul Kleihues and Paul Kahlfeldt, Berlin: Nicolai, 2000, ISBN 9783875840179, pp. 282–93, p. 290.
  6. ↑ Otto Nagel, Berlin—ein Streifzug durch Geschichte und Gegenwart (German), retrieved 14 September 2012.
  7. ↑ Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm, "Locational Shift—the 1960s: City Centre Planning in East and West" in City of Architecture, Architecture of the City, pp. 294–305, p. 303.
  8. ↑ Kieren, fig. 387 caption, p. 288.
  9. ↑ Claudia Fuchs, "Schwimmhalle saniert", Berliner Zeitung, 20 August 2009 (German)
  10. 1 2 Steve Danesch, Zum Umgang mit dem städtebaulichen Erbe der DDR-Moderne in Berlin-Mitte, thesis, University of Kassel, GRIN, 2011, ISBN 978-3-640-91070-0, pp. 109–10 (German)
  11. 1 2 3 Gerhild H. M. Komander, Petrikirche, Die Geschichte Berlins, Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, e.V., August 2004 (German)
  12. ↑ Marina Wesner and Claudia M. Melisch, St. Petri-Kirche: ein Rundgang durch das historische Cölln in Berlin, Berlin: Story, 2008, ISBN 9783929829877, p. 7 (German)
  13. 1 2 Mehrere Bauphasen der Kirche, Friedhof, Denkmale in Berlin, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, revised 13 July 2012 (German)
  14. 1 2 Petrikirche, Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Mitte, Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein, 2002, updated 7 October 2009 (German)
  15. ↑ Wesner and Melisch, p. 75.
  16. ↑ Herbert Schwenk, "Grundsteinlegung für neues Rathaus", Novitäten, Berlinische Monatsschrift 1999.8, pp. 83–86 (German), online at Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein.
  17. ↑ Günter Stahn, Das Nikolaiviertel, Berlin: Verlag für Bauwesen, 1991, ISBN 9783345004179, p. 49 (German)
  18. ↑ Maria Berning et al., ed. Michael Braum, Berliner Wohnquartiere: ein Führer durch 70 Siedlungen, 3rd ed. Berlin: Reimer, 2003, ISBN 9783496012603, p. 352 (German)
  19. ↑ Deutsche Bauzeitung 121 (1987) p. 54 (German)
  20. ↑ G. Stahn, "Geschichte der historischen Gaststätte 'Zum Nußbaum' auf der (Ost-) Berliner Fischerinsel", Deutsche Bauzeitung 1987, online at Kurztexte zur Denkmalpflege, Fraunhofer IRB (German)
  21. ↑ Florian Urban, Neo-Historical East Berlin: Architecture and Urban Design in the German Democratic Republic, 1970–1990, Ashgate studies in architecture, Farnham, Surrey / Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2009, ISBN 9780754676164, p. 258.
  22. ↑ Wieland Giebel, Berlin, tr. Jane Michael-Rushmer and Wendy Reed, Insight Guides, Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1994, ISBN 9780395662762, p. 147.
  23. ↑ Ahornblatt (Gaststätte), Berliner Bezirkslexikon, Mitte, Luisenstädtische Bildungsverein, 2002, updated 7 October 2009 (German)
  24. ↑ "Durchaus vermeidbar: Zum Stand der Dinge beim Abriss des Berliner Ahornblatts", BauNetz, 25 July 2000 (German)
  25. ↑ Hans Kohlhase, Friedrichshainer Geschichtsverein Hans Kohlhase e. V. (German)
  26. ↑ "Die Insulaner von Mitte", Unsere Stadt, B.Z., 30 October 2001 (German)

Further reading

External links

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Coordinates: 52°30′47″N 13°24′24″E / 52.51306°N 13.40667°E / 52.51306; 13.40667

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