Foremost Formation

Foremost Formation Stratigraphic range: Campanian, 78.5–77.5 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Judith River Group
Underlies	Oldman Formation
Overlies	Pakowki Formation
Location
Region	Alberta
Country	Canada

The Foremost Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (Campanian) age that underlies much of southern Alberta, Canada. It was named for outcrops in Chin Coulee near the town of Foremost^[1] and is known primarily for its dinosaur remains and other fossils.^[2]

Geology

The Foremost Formation is the basal unit of the Belly River Group (also called the Judith River Group). It gradationally overlies the marine shales of the Pakowki Formation. It consists of sediments that were eroded from the mountains to the west and carried northeastward by river systems, where they gradually prograded into the Western Interior Seaway.^[3]

The bottom of the formation typically consists of basal sandstones overlain by the interbedded coal seams, carbonaceous shales and mudstones of the Mackay coal zone. The center portion consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, with minor carbonaceous shales. At the top are the interbedded coal seams, carbonaceous shales and mudstones of the Taber coal zone.^[1][3] The basal sandstones, which are commonly referred to as the Basal Belly River Sand, are a significant hydrocarbon reservoir in some parts of Alberta.^[4]

The Foremost Formation outcrops along the Milk, Oldman and Bow Rivers. It is about 170 metres (560 ft) thick near Lethbridge, 110 metres (360 ft) thick near Medicine Hat, and 70 metres (230 ft) thick near Dinosaur Park.<--Please add a citation for these incorrect thickness values.

Paleobiota

Invertebrates

A variety of insects preserved in amber such as Haidoterminus have been recovered from the Foremost Formation at a site near Grassy Lake, Alberta.^[5] The formation also includes a variety of freshwater, brackish water and marine molluscs such as Ostrea and Corbula.^[1]

Dinosaurs

The Foremost Formation has produced a lower diversity of documented dinosaurs than other Late Cretaceous units in the region like the Dinosaur Park Formation, Horseshoe Canyon Formation, and Scollard Formation.^[6] This is primarily due to their lower total fossil quantity and neglect from collectors who are hindered by the isolation and scarcity of well-exposed outcrops.^[7] The fossils are primarily isolated teeth recovered from vertebrate microfossil sites.^[8]

Color key Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon		Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Dinosaurs reported from the Foremost Formation
Genus	Species	Location	Stratigraphic position	Material	Description	Images
Aublysodon[2]	Indeterminate[2]					Dromaeosaurus Hesperornis
Colepiocephale	C. lambei
Dromaeosaurus[2]	Indeterminate[2]
Hesperornis[2]	H. regalis[9]
Paronychodon[2]	Indeterminate[2]
Richardoestesia[2]	Indeterminate[2]
Saurornitholestes[2]	Indeterminate[2]
Stegoceras[2]	Indeterminate[2]
Xenoceratops	X. foremostensis

See also

• List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
• Judith River Group

Footnotes

1. Glass, D.J. (editor) 1997. Lexicon of Canadian Stratigraphy, vol. 4, Western Canada including eastern British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and southern Manitoba. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Calgary; 1423 p. on CD. ISBN 0-920230-23-7.
2. Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, North America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 574-588. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
3. Eberth, D.A. 2005. The geology. In: Currie, P.J. and Koppelhus, E.B. (eds), Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, p. 54-82. ISBN 0-253-34595-2.
4. Mossop, G.D. and Shetsen, I., (compilers), Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists (1994). "The Geological Atlas of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Chapter 24: Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary strata of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin". Retrieved 2013-08-01.
5. McKellar, R. C.; Glasier, J. R. N.; Engel, M. S. (2013). "A new trap-jawed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from Canadian Late Cretaceous amber". Canadian Entomologist 145: 454–465. doi:10.4039/tce.2013.23.
6. "Introduction," Ryan and Russel (2001); pages 279-281.
7. "Introduction," Ryan and Russel (2001); page 281.
8. " The vertebrate record of the Foremost Formation is best represented by vertebrate microfossil localities. " (Southern Alberta Dinosaur Research Group: Foremost Formation).
9. Listed as "Hesperornis cf. regalis in Weishampel et al."

References

• Ryan, M. J.; Russell, A. P. (2001). "Dinosaurs of Alberta (exclusive of Aves)". In Tanke, D. H.; Carpenter, K. Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana University Press. pp. 279–297. ISBN 0253339073.