Fort Miami (Ohio)

Fort Miamis earthworks.jpg

Earthworks at the site

Fort Miami was a fort built on the Maumee River at the eastern edge of the present-day city of Maumee, Ohio, and southwest of the present-day city of Toledo, Ohio. It was built by the British on United States territory: the terms of the Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolutionary War clearly assigned the territory to the United States, but the British refused to evacuate their forces from the West, claiming that the USA had failed to comply with the terms relating, e.g., to compensating Loyalists for their loss of property and permitting their return unmolested, paying debts to British merchants, etc. (These and related disputes were settled by the Jay Treaty.) In 1794 the British built Fort Miami (Miamis) to block Gen. Anthony Wayne's advance on Detroit and to encourage the Ohio Indians in their resistance to U.S. penetration north and west of the Ohio River. The fort was a log stockade, which had four bastions, each capable of mounting four cannon, a river battery, barracks, officers' quarters, supply buildings, and various shops. A defensive ditch, 20 to 25 feet deep, ran along the land side of the fort.

Late in 1794 General Wayne and his troops marched northward toward Fort Miami from Fort Greenville. Just south of the fort, ambushed by the Native Americans and a small party of Canadian militia, he ordered a charge and dispersed his adversaries in the Battle of Fallen Timbers. The Native Americans fled to Fort Miami, but the commander of the fort shut them out. Beaten and disillusioned, the Native Americans dispersed and one year later their tribal elders gathered at Fort Greenville to negotiate with Wayne. The Treaty of Greenville opened most of the present State of Ohio and part of present Indiana to United States settlement. In 1796, under the terms of Jay's Treaty (1794), the British abandoned Fort Miami. Wayne occupied and garrisoned it, but about 1799 U.S. troops abandoned it. The British again occupied the site during the War of 1812, which at the time was opposite the American Fort Meigs. During the War of 1812 Tecumseh, the Shawnee chief, and British officials maintained headquarters at the fort, from where they moved against Gen. William Henry Harrison at Fort Meigs.

The fort structure no longer stands, and the site reverted to agricultural and, later, public park use. Today it sits as a small enclave in residential development.

In 1942 several Ohio civic and patriotic organizations acquired a part of the site of the old fort. Nothing remained of the original structure except parts of the earthworks. In 1953 the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society conducted preliminary excavations, and in 1957 the Historical Society of Northwestern Ohio placed a marker at the site, which remains undeveloped. In 1975, the site of the fort was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[1]

The site of the fort was incorporated into Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis National Historic Site in 1999, under Public Law 106-164. The site is managed by the Metropolitan Park District of the Toledo Area (Metroparks), in partnership with the Ohio Historical Society, and is an "affiliated unit" of the National Park System.[2]

It is located at 41°34′21″N 83°37′34″W / 41.57250°N 83.62611°W / 41.57250; -83.62611;[3] a state memorial has been created at the site.[4] Ft. Miami Elementary School of the Maumee Public School System is two blocks away and named after the fort.

References

  1. ↑ Staff (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  2. ↑ Fallen Timbers Battlefield and Fort Miamis National Historic Site Management page, National Park Service
  3. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Fort Miami (Ohio)
  4. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Fort Miamis State Memorial

External links

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