Foundry products operations (Cincinnati Milling Machine)

Foundry products operations (Cincinnati Milling Machine)
Formation 1907
Extinction 1988
Type Foundry or Metalcasting
Legal status Sold
Purpose Production of iron castings
Headquarters Oakley, suburb of Cincinnati, OH
Location
  • Oakley
Parent organization
 Cincinnati Milling Machine Company 1907-1970
Milacron, Inc. 1970-1988
Remarks Sold to Cast-Fab Technologies, Inc. in 1988; facility continues in operation today.

Foundry products operations (Cincinnati Milling Machine) was a subsidiary operation of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company (CMM), a company which no longer exists. Some parts of the company evolved into the present Milacron, Inc. and Cincinnati Machine. CMM relied heavily on castings for the manufacturing of its machine tool products. The castings were produced at Cincinnati foundries not owned by CMM and at multiple foundries owned by CMM (and later, Milacron, Inc.) between 1907 and 1988.

Beginnings of CMM reliance on castings

In 1884 the Cincinnati Screw and Tap Company was incorporated. The company was in the business of making screws and taps but also began to make machine tools. A basic component in machine tools at this time was gray iron castings. The company bought castings from jobbing foundries for the machine tools it manufactured. Some of the Cincinnati local foundries which supplied to the machine tool company included the Blackburn Foundry, Buckeye Foundry Company, The Steel Foundry Company (Cincinnati) and others.

In 1889 the screw and tap business was sold off, as the machine tool business was being concentrated on, and the company was renamed the Cincinnati Milling Machine Co. (CMM). CMM continued to operate in the central business district of Cincinnati and purchased castings from a number of local foundries.

In 1905 the company was sold in total to Frederick A. Geier, who became president. Geier had been a partner in the concern previously. Until this time the company had had some problems with the locations in the business district: at least one flood and a fire had caused it to relocate.

Relocation to Oakley

A map showing the location of the Modern Foundry on the left side of the map, at the corner of Marburg and Disney Avenue. The Factory Power building is to the left. Rail tracks were laid to bring raw materials into the power station and the foundry, and to move products from the foundry. Click on image to enlarge.

In October 1906 CMM announced plans for a new vertically integrated factory to be built in a suburb of Cincinnati named Oakley.[1] A 102-acre (0.41 km2) site was purchased there which was named the Factory Colony. This site would include a two-story administration building 62 x 120 feet (37 m), a foundry building 62 x 280 feet (85 m), a building for cleaning castings and storing 62 x 530 feet (160 m), a charging building 62 x 180 feet (55 m), and a pattern shop 62 x 180 feet (55 m). These buildings would be all of brick and steel construction. A few months later the company announced the foundry would be 350 x 450 feet (140 m) with the pattern shop to be 50 x 160 feet (49 m). A power house would also be erected with a size of 75 x 100 feet.[2] The foundry was planned to provide castings to all companies which would locate to the new industrial park.

Geier reasoned a captive foundry operation was needed because “…the uncertain supply of castings had been a great handicap to production at a time when demand was far greater than our ability to supply… ”.[3]

A few months after making the construction announcement CMM announced they were leasing a foundry on Patternson Street in Cincinnati, to be occupied be the Modern Foundry until the construction was completed in Oakley.[4] The Modern Foundry was the beginnings of what became the Foundry Products Operations of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company.

The foundry was erected by the Interstate Engineering Company,[5] opening in 1907, and becoming the first production facility in the new Industrial Park, as a separate organization called the Modern Foundry[6] and was located at the corner of Marburg and Disney Street in Oakley. The new foundry was fully operational by 1908 and could melt 30 tons per day in its cupolas.[7]

The foundry also organized with other foundries in Cincinnati: Lunkenheimer, Buckeye Foundry Company and the John B. Morris Foundry to form the Associated Foundries of Cincinnati,[8] supplying castings to Cincinnati industry. The first manager of the Modern Foundry was Walter H. Geier.

By the mid-1930s the Factory Colony was considered one of the world's largest manufacturers of machine tools and employed thousands of workers.[9]

Chosen to represent the foundry industry in a mural

A mural at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, originally at the Cincinnati Union Terminal depicting Foundry products operations (Cincinnati Milling Machine)

Winold Reiss was contracted to produce murals depicting workers in Cincinnati industries, for the new Cincinnati Union Terminal. To depict the foundry industry, he visited the Modern Foundry to get ideas and set a scene for one of the murals called Foundry and Machine Shop Products. In this mural a man (modeled by Joseph Schwope, 1898–1980) is skimming a ladle of iron, while an iron pourer (modeled by Bill Rengering, 1901–1985) pours a mold. A metallurgist (modeled by Emil Weston, 1900–1990) measures the metal temperature using an optical pyrometer. In the background a cupola tender (Bill Ennix, 1886–1944) watches over the work. One source credits the model for the cupola tender as being Howard Fredericks.

A copy of the original photograph is shown in the book "They Built a City:150 Years of Industrial Cincinnati".[10]

After visiting the Modern Foundry for a couple days, and after everything was arranged as Reiss wanted to capture the depiction of the foundry industry, the photograph was taken during the pouring of a mold. Reiss then made a sketch of the elements he wanted to include from the photograph, simplyfying the elements he wanted to include in his depiction. This sketch was submitted to the Ravenna Mosaic Company of Italy for production into the tesserae medium of the mosaic. The glass tesserae pieces were attached to paper which were shipped to Cincinnati Union Terminal. The paper backed pieces were pressed into the plaster on the terminal wall and any interstitial places were filled with colored mortar. In 1973, when the terminal concourse was to be torn down, this mural with 13 others were carefully removed and transported to Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport.

Preparations for a new expansion, gearing up for war

In the early 1930s Frederick V. Geier (son of Frederick A. Geier) was sent to Germany to explore the possibility of establishing an operation there for manufacturing machine tools. He was shocked by what he saw and concluded a war in Europe was imminent.[11] Changes were needed to support future needs of the United States and its allies.

The foundry operation was licensed to produce iron under the Meehanite process in 1935 for the cupola operation. In 1937 the Blackburn Foundry was taken over to support production of large castings. In 1938, based on his studies of what was happening in Europe and despite a deep recession, Geier launched a program to double the plant size including construction of a new foundry.

The New Foundry

The New Foundry opened and poured its first heat by December 1940, about a year before the Attack on Pearl Harbor. With the opening of the New Foundry the old Modern Foundry was torn down, and in its place additional machining and assembly space was created allowing a sevenfold increase in production during World War II. The Modern Foundry poured its last heat in 1941.

The Metal Fabricating Division foundry, as it came to be called, supplied all the needs of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company and its successor, Milacron, Inc. At least three buildings were constructed of over 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2).

Pouring a large mold is a fiery sight. To the left, flames are shooting from an escape hole -- caused by gas generated by the contact of iron with the relatively cool sand, graphite, linseed oil and other ingredients involved in the mold structure. The man at the left is wielding a skimmer to hold back any impurities floating on the surface of the ladle iron. This photo was taken in January, 1942 by the Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection (Library of Congress), but the foundry name was not published for security reasons.

By 1942 the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company Foundry (CMM Co. Foundry) was producing 35,000 tons of castings with 32,000 tons being purchased from other sources. Melting in the New Foundry was done by up to four cupola furnaces. Production in the foundry was around the clock, seven days a week. Additional castings were needed, and the ‘Mill’ turned to outside Cincinnati local foundries. 27 outside foundries were also supplying castings to the Mill.[12]

Army-Navy ‘E’ Award

Cincinnati Milling Machine received the prestigious Army-Navy ‘E’ Award on March 6, 1942, in part through the efforts the New Foundry and the other local foundries in supplying thousands of castings which were used to produce 17,511 machine tools in 1942 alone.[12]

Late in the World War 2 era, production dropped off considerably, to less than half of that amount, to about 15,000 tons per year.

Post war

At the end of the war and into the 1950s production stabilized at about 12,000 tons per year with purchased castings at about 3,000 tons per year. The CMM Co. Foundry also produced castings for direct sales to other customers, but at a low rate of about 1,000 tons per year. Because the foundry was wholly owned by CMM, other machine tool makers were reluctant to have their competitor making castings for them. There was also an excess of capacity at Cincinnati local foundries.

The production of castings was similar to the way they were made since the early days of founding. Molding was done with green sand until sometime in the 1960s or 1970’s the furan molding process was adopted for medium and large sized castings. Melting continued using the cupola. Most requirements on the foundry were for gray iron, the material normally used in machine tool castings. With the discovery of Ductile iron, the foundry began producing ductile in the 1950s using open ladle treatments or the Gazal porous plug process. Not many machine tool parts were needed in ductile iron.

Castings for overseas production facilities

In 1964 Milacron constructed an entirely new foundry in England to supply castings for its European machine tool business. This foundry was known as Cincinnati Milacron Ltd, Foundry Operations, Tamworth, England.[13] In the 1970s and 1980s the company was the largest single employer in Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, England.[14]

Change in the 1970s

The fortunes of the machine tool industry in the United States changed dramatically in the 1970s, especially in Cincinnati, OH. Milacron diversified its interests by developing machines that made plastic products . A large part of its success in making machinery was in the use of ductile iron in the plastic injection machinery .

No longer captive, the foundry is set free

In 1988, Cincinnati Milacron, Inc. restructured and reorganized the company, leading to the sale of the Met-Fab Division facility including the Oakley foundry.[15] In the previous ten-year period Milacron had invested over $8 million in the 400,000-square-foot (37,000 m2) plant. The sale meant that the long history of the Foundry products operations (Cincinnati Milling Machine) came to a close - but - the modernized New Foundry would now be a metalcasting operation that supplies many companies and customers with a full range of gray and ductile iron castings. Named Cast-Fab Technologies, Inc., this foundry continues in operation today supplying castings for customers around the world.

As of the end of the year 2012, the entire 100-acre site once holding the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company has been cleared to bare ground.

References

  1. ↑ The Foundry; Penton Publications; Cleveland, OH; October, 1906; page 137
  2. ↑ The Foundry, Penton Publications, Cleveland, OH, January, 1907, page 372
  3. ↑ 1884–1984 Cincinnati Milacron, Finding Better Ways, The Hennegan Co. (1983), ASIN: B000CFLJ3K
  4. ↑ The Foundry, Penton Publications, Cleveland, OH, May, 1907 Industrial Notes, page 209
  5. ↑ The Bridgemen's Magazine, Vol VII, No. I, p 342
  6. ↑ Memoirs of the Miami Valley, John Calvin Hover et al., published by Robert O. Law Company, Chicago, 1920
  7. ↑ 1884–1984 Cincinnati Milacron, Finding Better Ways, The Hennegan Co. (1983), ASIN: B000CFLJ3K
  8. ↑ The Cincinnati Industrial Magazine, Cincinnati, OH; July 1910
  9. ↑ Cincinnati, a Guide to the Queen City and Its Neighbors, by the Ohio Federal Writer's project, The Weisen-Hart Press, Cincinnati, OH 1943
  10. ↑ They Built A City: 150 Years of Industrial City, published by The Cincinnati Post, 1938, page 182
  11. ↑ Cincinnati Magazine, January 1994, page 33
  12. 1 2 American Machinist, Machining for Freedom, James J. Benes, August 1, 1998
  13. ↑ Mechanical Handling, Published by The L. Cassier Co., Ltd., 1966, v.53 1966 Jul-Dec
  14. ↑ http://www.biggleswadetoday.co.uk/community/nostalgia/cincinnati-biggleswade-s-biggest-employer-1-1123510
  15. ↑ Foundry Management & Technology, Robert C. Rodgers, August 1988

External links

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