Frank Giacoia
| Frank Giacoia | |
|---|---|
|
Giacoia from 1978 Marvel Comics Calendar | |
| Born | July 6, 1924 |
| Died | February 4, 1988 (aged 63) |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Penciller, Inker |
| Pseudonym(s) | Frank Ray, Phil Zupa, Espoia |
Notable works | Captain America |
Frank Giacoia (July 6, 1924 - February 4, 1988)[1] was an American comic book artist known primarily as an inker. He sometimes worked under the name Frank Ray,[2] and to a lesser extent Phil Zupa,[3] and the single moniker Espoia, the latter used for collaborations with fellow inker Mike Esposito.[4]
Biography
Early life and career
Frank Giacoia studied at Manhattan's School of Industrial Art (later the High School of Art and Design) and the Art Students League of New York. He broke into comics by penciling the feature "Jack Frost" in USA Comics #3 (cover-dated Jan. 1942), published by Marvel Comics' 1940s precursor, Timely Comics. His friend and collaborator Carmine Infantino, a classmate at the Art Students League, recalled that
...Frank Giacoia and I were in constant contact. One day in '40 we decided to go up to Timely Comics, which later became Marvel, to see if we could get some work. They gave us a script called 'Jack Frost' and that story became our first published work. Frank did the pencils and I did the inking. Joe Simon was the editor and he offered us both a staff job. Frank quit school and took the job. I wanted desperately to quit school and I told my father that it was a great opportunity. He said, 'No way! You're gonna finish school'.[5]
Later in 1941, Giacoia joined the New York City comic-book packager Eisner & Iger,[6] the studio of Golden Age greats Will Eisner and Jerry Iger. His early works include crime for Ace Comics, horror for Avon Comics, and a multitude of characters for National Publications (the primary company that evolved into DC Comics) including the Flash and Batman.
Other companies for which Giacoia did art during the 1940s and 1950s include Crestwood, Dell Comics, Eastern Color, Fawcett, Harvey Comics Lev Gleason Publications and Timely Comics, the 1940s predecessor of Marvel Comics. For Timely's USA Comics #1 (Aug. 1941), he penciled the debut of the feature "Jack Frost", inked by friend and high-school classmate Carmine Infantino — the latter's first art for comics. Giacoia and writer Otto Binder introduced the short-lived character Captain Wonder in Kid Komics #1 (Feb. 1943.[7]
The Silver Age
During the 1960s Silver Age of comic books, Giacoia became best known as a Marvel Comics inker, particularly on Captain America stories penciled by the character's co-creator, industry legend Jack Kirby. One of the company's preeminent names, he worked on virtually every title at one time or another.
Giacoia also worked on the newspaper comic strip The Amazing Spider-Man (based on the Marvel comic-book series of the same name) from 1978–1981, as well as on the strips Flash Gordon, The Incredible Hulk, Johnny Reb and Billy Yank, Sherlock Holmes and Thorne McBride.[6]
He was credited as "Frankie Ray" for some time. In Fantastic Four #53 (August 1966), his real name was announced in the "Bullpen Bulletins".
Awards
Giacoia was nominated for the Shazam Award for Best Inker (Dramatic Division) in 1974.[8]
Critical assessment
In its list of "The 20 Greatest Inkers of American Comic Books", historians at the retailer Atlas Comics (no relation to the comics publishers) listed Giacoia at #5:
In comics from 1941, Frank Giacoia's smooth, thick line has been recognizable over a surfeit of outstanding pencillers. Gil Kane (who called him 'an extraordinarily powerful inker'), Carmine Infantino, Gene Colan and Jack Kirby all benefited from his heavy, robust linework which always helped tell the story in a simple, direct way. His collaboration with Kirby on the short-lived newspaper strip Johnny Reb and Billy Yank (which Giacoia created) was superb, as was generally the case when he teamed with 'the King.' Frank worked for many publishers during his 40-odd years in comics: Lev Gleason, Hillman, Timely, DC and of course Marvel (where he sometimes moonlighted under the alias Frankie Ray while still working for DC).[9]
References
- ↑ Frank Giacoia at the United State Social Security Death Index via FamilySearch.org.
- ↑ Rozakis, Bob (April 9, 2001). "Secret Identities". "It's BobRo the Answer Man" (column), Comics Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 14, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
- ↑ Evanier, Mark (April 14, 2008). "Why did some artists working for Marvel in the sixties use phony names?". P.O.V. Online (column). Archived from the original on November 24, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
- ↑ Espoia at the Grand Comics Database
- ↑ Infantino, Carmine, with David J. Spurlock, The Amazing World of Carmine Infantino: An Autobiography (Vanguard Productions, 2000; ISBN 1-887591-11-7), pp. 12-13
- 1 2 "Frank Giacoia". Lambiek Comiclopedia. December 14, 2007. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016.
- ↑ Sanderson, Peter; Gilbert, Laura, ed. (2008). "1940s". Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 24. ISBN 978-0756641238.
In Captain Wonder's origin story by writer Otto Binder and artist Frank Giacoia...
- ↑ "1974 Academy of Comic Book Arts Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016.
- ↑ "Atlas Comics Presents the 20 Greatest Inkers of American Comic Books". Atlas Comics. n.d. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.
External links
- Frank Giaocia at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
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