Frederick Bligh Bond

Frederick Bligh Bond

Frederick Bligh Bond in 1921
Born 30 June 1864
Marlborough, Wiltshire, England
Died 8 March 1945
Dolgellau, Merionethshire, Wales
Occupation Architect and psychical researcher
Employer Church of England, American Society for Psychical Research
Religion Spiritualism and Old Catholic Church

Frederick Bligh Bond (30 June 1864 – 8 March 1945)[1] was an English architect, illustrator, archaeologist and psychical researcher.

Early life

Bligh Bond was the son of the Rev. Frederick Hookey Bond. He was born in the Wiltshire town of Marlborough. His family was related to William Bligh, through his nephew Francis Godolphin Bond, Bligh Bond's grandfather. He was also a cousin of Sabine Baring-Gould.[2] He was educated at home by his father, who was headmaster of the Marlborough Royal Free Grammar School.[3]

Architectural practice

Bligh Bond's Cossham Memorial Hospital

He practised as an architect in Bristol from 1888. His work includes schools, such as the board schools in Barton Hill, Easton, and Southville, Greenbank Elementary School and St George's School. He designed the schools of medicine and engineering at Bristol University and the Music School of Clifton College. He also undertook a number of domestic commissions for the King's Weston estate of Philip Napier Miles, including a number of substantial houses in Shirehampton, the Miles Arms public house in Avonmouth, the now-demolished King's Weston estate office and the public hall in Shirehampton.[4] Cossham Memorial Hospital is also an example of his work.[5] In addition he oversaw the restoration of a number of churches, became an acknowledged authority on the history of church architecture, and in 1909 published, with Dom Bede Camm, a two-volume treatise entitled Roodscreens and Roodlofts.[6]

Glastonbury excavations

Glastonbury Abbey

As early as 1899 Bligh Bond had expressed his belief that the dimensions of the buildings at Glastonbury Abbey were based on gematria,[4] and in 1917 he published, with Thomas Simcox Lea, Gematria, A Preliminary Investigation of the Cabala contained in the Coptic Gnostic Books and of a similar Gematria in the Greek text of the New Testament, which incorporated his own previously published paper, The Geometric Cubit as a Basis of Proportion in the Plans of Mediaeval Buildings.[1]

In 1908 the Church of England appointed him director of excavations at Glastonbury Abbey.[4] Before he was dismissed by Bishop Armitage Robinson in 1921, his excavations rediscovered the nature and dimensions of a number of buildings that had occupied the site.[2][4] Bond's work at Glastonbury Abbey is one of the first documented examples of psychic archaeology. Bond with the retired navy Captain John Allan Bartlett ("John Alleyne") as a medium claimed to have contacted through automatic writing dead monks and the builder of the Edgar Chapel at Glastonbury, who advised him where to excavate.[7][8][9]

In 1919 he published The Gates of Remembrance, which revealed that he had employed psychical methods to guide his excavation of the Glastonbury ruins. As a consequence of these revelations his relations with his employers, who strongly disapproved of spiritualism, deteriorated and he was sacked in 1921.[9][10]

Archaeologists and skeptics have found Bond's claims dubious.[11] Joseph McCabe suggested that Alleyne and Bond had "steeped themselves, all through the year 1907, in the literature of the subject. They read all that was known about Glastonbury, and lived for months in the medieval atmosphere."[12]

Archaeologist Kenneth Feder commented that the "tall church towers, whose existence and locations we are to believe were provided by spirits, actually were recorded and located in a historical document Bond almost surely had already seen. Beyond this, an early drawing of the abbey, and even structural remains visible on the surface, provided clues as to the location of these towers."[8]

Feder also noted that "there was no scientific controls whatsoever" and that it is impossible to tell whether he was actually advised by spirits or whether his expertise in church architecture and information from early drawings helped him locate the chapels he discovered.[13][14]

Psychical research

Bligh joined the Freemasons in 1889, the Theosophical Society in 1895, the Society for Psychical Research in 1902, the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia in 1909[15] and the Ghost Club in 1925.

From 1921 to 1926 he was editor of Psychic Science (then named Quarterly transactions of the British College of Psychic Science).[16]

In 1926 Bligh Bond emigrated to the USA, where he was employed as education secretary of the American Society for Psychical Research and worked as editor on their magazine, Survival.[1] Bligh Bond broke with the ASPR and returned to Britain in 1936,[2] also rejoining the Ghost Club in the process, after supporting accusations against the medium Mina Crandon that she had fraudulently produced thumbprints on wax that she presented as being produced by the spirit of her dead brother, Walter.[1]

During his time in the USA Bond was ordained, and in 1933 consecrated as a bishop, in the Old Catholic Church of America.[1]

Later life

He returned to the United Kingdom in 1935,[17] spending his time in London and Dolgellau, Merionethshire, where he died of a heart attack.[18][19]

Legacy

Bond is mentioned as part of the background to Deborah Crombie's mystery novel A Finer End (Bantam, 2001). ISBN 0-553-57927-4

On 30 December 2008 Bligh Bond was the subject of a Channel 4 documentary, The Ghosts of Glastonbury, hosted by Tony Robinson, which examined Bligh Bond's claims that he received archaeological information through automatic writing from deceased monks.

Publications

Authored by Bligh Bond
Co-authored by Bligh Bond
Illustrated by Bligh Bond

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Frederick Bligh Bond". Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  2. 1 2 3 "Glastonbury Enigma". Fortean Times. Retrieved 2007-05-10. (Free registration required)
  3. ↑ The Rediscovery of Glastonbury: Frederick Bligh Bond Architect of the New Age by Tim Hopkinson-Ball, 2007
  4. 1 2 3 4 "A 'Colourful' Bristol Architect". Digital Bristol. Archived from the original on 12 May 2006. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  5. ↑ "Handel Cossham Memorial Hospital". Images of England. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  6. ↑ "Select bibliography: churches, their furnishings, and use". The Ecclesiological Society. Retrieved 2007-05-10.
  7. ↑ "Discovering Glastonbury Abbey - the psychic way". BBC. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  8. 1 2 Feder, Kenneth. Archaeology and the Paranormal. In Gordon Stein. (1996). The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books. pp. 32-43. ISBN 1-57392-021-5
  9. 1 2 Williams, William F. (2000). Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy. Facts on File Inc. p. 39. ISBN 1-57958-207-9
  10. ↑ Anderson, Rodger. (2006). Psychics, Sensitives and Somnambules: A Biographical Dictionary with Bibliographies. McFarland & Company. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-7864-2770-3
  11. ↑ Nickell, Joe. (2007). Adventures in Paranormal Investigation. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 48-49. ISBN 978-0-8131-2467-4
  12. ↑ McCabe Joseph. (1920). Is Spiritualism Based On Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined. London Watts & Co. p. 141
  13. ↑ Feder, Kenneth. (2010). Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum. Greenwood. pp. 43-44. ISBN 978-0-313-37919-2
  14. ↑ Williams, Stephen (1991). "Psychic Archaeology". Fantastic Archaeology: the Wild Side of North American Prehistory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1312-2.
  15. ↑ 'Will the real Bligh Bond stand up?' by Tim Hopkinson Ball, in Avalon Magazine, No. 37, Autumn/Winter 2007, pp 26-30
  16. ↑ Coates, Richard. "A brief account of the extraordinary life of Frederick Bligh Bond, FRIBA". University of the West of England. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  17. ↑ Bond arrived in Southampton from New York City on 20 December 1935.
  18. ↑ "Monk helped Bristol architect solve abbey mystery...from beyond the grave". Bristol Post. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  19. ↑ "Frederick Bligh Bond". Weston-super-Mare Archaeological and Natural History Society. Retrieved 12 November 2015.

Further reading

  1. ↑ "Jane Balsam". Ancestry. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  2. ↑ "Francis Bligh". Ancestry. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  3. ↑ "John Bond". Ancestry. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  4. ↑ "Catharine Pearce". Ancestry. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  5. ↑ Shaw, A. G. L. "Bligh, William (1754–1817)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  6. ↑ Mundle, Rob (2012). Bligh Master Mariner. Pen and Sword. p. 227. ISBN 9781781590478.
  7. 1 2 Coates, Richard. "Frederick Bligh Bond". University of the West of England. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  8. ↑ "Bond, Frederick Bligh (1864–1945)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 18 February 2016. (subscription required (help)).
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