Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick I, Siegesallee, Berlin
Spouse(s) Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut
Noble family House of Hohenzollern
Father Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg
Mother Elisabeth of Meissen
Born (1371-09-21)21 September 1371
Nuremberg
Died 20 September 1440(1440-09-20) (aged 68)
Cadolzburg Castle

Frederick (Middle High German: Friderich[1], Standard German: Friedrich; 21 September 1371 in Nuremberg 20 September 1440) was Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI and Elector of Brandenburg as Frederick I. He was a son of Burgrave Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen, and was the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

Biography

Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick entered early into the service of Austria and fought on the side of King Sigismund of Hungary. After he returned to Nuremberg, he divided the inheritance from his father with his brother John, who received Bayreuth, while Frederick kept Ansbach. At first he tried to mediate in the imperial confusion between King Wenceslaus and the party of Rupert of the Palatinate, but he fought on the side of Rupert in September 1399 nonetheless.

Frederick resumed his rule of Ansbach in 1409 and after heavy feuding, entered into the service of King Sigismund. In 1410, the death of Rupert, King of the Germans, left the throne of the Holy Roman Empire vacant. Sigismund enlisted Frederick's help in obtaining the throne. At the time, Jobst of Moravia ruled Brandenburg and thus was one of the prince-electors who had the right to vote for the new king. However, Sigismund disputed Jobst's claim to Brandenburg and his right to vote in the imperial election. Sigismund claimed these rights for himself and designated Frederick to represent him as elector of Brandenburg in the imperial election of 20 September 1410. While Sigismund won this initial vote, Jobst of Moravia won the support of a majority of electors in an election in October 1410 and himself claimed the imperial throne. Jobst's death under suspicious circumstances in January 1411 cleared the way for Sigismund's recovery of Brandenburg and his undisputed election as king of the empire later that year. In gratitude for Frederick's services, King Sigismund made him Oberster Hauptmann and Verwalter der Marken (1411). With an iron hand Frederick fought against the rebellious nobility of the March of Brandenburg (in particular, the Quitzow family) and, in the end, restored security. Frederick also became a member of the Parakeet Society and of the League of Constance.

At the Council of Constance (30 April 1415) Sigismund granted Frederick the titles of Margrave and Prince-elector of Brandenburg. On 21 October 1415 the Brandenburg states meeting in a Landtag asked him to rule in Berlin. The king awarded him the formal enfeoffment of the margravate on 18 April 1417. As Frederick did not agree with the forcible action of Sigismund against the Hussites, relations between them cooled.

Constant feuding with the nobility of Brandenburg led Frederick to withdraw to his castle at Cadolzburg in 1425 and transfer the regency of the margravate to his son John in 1426 (Frederick, however, remained elector). After 1427 he organized the imperial war against the Hussites and subsequently provided substantial assistance in the mediation of the Compacta of Prague at the Council of Basel (30 November 1433).

Upon his death in 1440, Frederick was succeeded as elector by his second-eldest son, Frederick II.

Family and children

He married Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut (1383–13 November 1442, Ansbach), daughter of Duke Frederick of Bavaria-Landshut and Maddalena Visconti. Their children were:

  1. Elisabeth (140331 October 1449, Liegnitz), married:
    1. in Konstanz 1418 Duke Louis II of Brieg and Legnica (1380/5–1436);
    2. in 1438 Duke Wenzel I of Teschen (1413/18–1474).
  2. John "the Alchemist" (1405–1465), Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.
    1. married in 1416 Princess Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg (1405–1465)
  3. Cecilia (c. 14054 January 1449), married:
    1. in Berlin 30 May 1423 Duke William III of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1392–1482).
  4. Margaret (141027 July 1465, Landshut), married:
    1. in 1423 to Duke Albert V, Duke of Mecklenburg (1397–1423);
    2. in Ingolstadt 20 July 1441 to Louis VIII, Duke of Bavaria (1403–1445);
    3. in 1446 to Count Martin of Waldenfels (d. 1471).
  5. Magdalene (c. 1412 27 October 1454, Scharnebeck), married:
    1. in Tangermünde 3 July 1429 to Duke Frederick of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1418–1478).
  6. Frederick II (1413–1471), Elector of Brandenburg
    1. married in 1446 Princess Catherine of Saxony (1421–1476)
  7. Albert Achilles, (1414–1486), Elector of Brandenburg, married:
    1. in 1446 Princess Margarete of Baden (1431–1457)
    2. in 1458 Princess Anna of Saxony (1437–1512)
  8. Sofie, born and died 1417.
  9. Dorothea (9 February 142019 January 1491, Rehna), married:
    1. in 1432 Duke Henry IV, Duke of Mecklenburg (1417–1477)
  10. Frederick "the Fat" (c. 14246 October 1463, Tangermünde), Lord of Altmark, married:
    1. in 1449 Princess Agnes of Pomerania (1436–1512)

Ancestry

References

Sources


Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
Born: 21 September 1371 Died: 20 September 1440
German nobility
Preceded by
Frederick V
Burgrave of Nuremberg
as Frederick VI

1397–1427
with John III (1397–1420)
Burgraviate abolished
Titular title remained held
by Elector of Brandenburg
New title
Division of inheritance
from Frederick V
Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1398–1440
Succeeded by
Albert Achilles
Preceded by
Sigismund
Elector of Brandenburg
1415–1440
Succeeded by
Frederick II
Margrave of Brandenburg
1417–1426
Succeeded by
John the Alchemist
Preceded by
John III
Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
1420–1440

External links

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