Freedom 100
Indy Lights presented by Cooper Tire | |
---|---|
Venue | Indianapolis Motor Speedway |
Corporate sponsor | Allied Building Products |
First race | 2003 |
Distance | 100 miles (160 km) |
Laps | 40 |
Previous names |
Firestone Freedom 100 (2008–2013) Futaba Freedom 100 (2004–2005) |
Most wins (driver) | Wade Cunningham (3) |
Most wins (team) | Sam Schmidt Motorsports (7) |
The Freedom 100 presented by Allied Building Products is a Indy Lights presented by Cooper Tires auto race held at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. It is currently held the Friday before the Indianapolis 500, a day which is nicknamed Carb Day. It is the biggest race for the Indy Lights series and often has higher participation than many of the series' other races.
Race history
The modern open wheel support series has its origins in USAC's Mini Indy series, and later CART's ARS/Indy Lights series. None of those support series ever raced at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Typically the support series would take the month of May off of the schedule while the top-level Indy cars were at the Indianapolis 500. In 1979, USAC's Mini-Indy series scheduled a support race on the oval at nearby Indianapolis Raceway Park, but it was held only once.[1]
When the IRL started the Indy Pro Series in 2002, officials began exploring the possibility of holding a support race at Indianapolis in the days leading up to the Indianapolis 500. It was an attempt to fill an otherwise slow part of the month, and an opportunity for exposure for up-and-coming drivers and teams. The race was added to the calendar for 2003.
For the first two years, the race was held during the second weekend of Indianapolis 500 time trials, scheduled for Saturday which was at the time, used only for Indy 500 practice. The date proved to be unpopular and drew small crowds. In 2005, Carb Day, the traditional final day of practice for the Indy 500, was moved from Thursday before the Indy 500 to Friday. Series officials moved the Freedom 100 to Carb Day, immediately following the final Indy 500 practice session. The move proved popular with fans and competitors.
In 2008, in the wake of the merger between IRL and Champ Car, the series was renamed from Indy Pro Series to the Firestone Indy Lights Series. The new sponsorship extended to this race, renaming it the Firestone Freedom 100.[2]
In the first nine runnings, the race was won six times from the pole and three times from second starting position. Therefore, the race had always been won from the front row until Esteban Guerrieri won in 2012 from the 18th starting position.[3] In 2013, Peter Dempsey, who started third, won the Freedom 100 in the closest finish in Speedway history (0.0026 secs) in a four-wide finish over Gabby Chaves, Sage Karam, and Carlos Muñoz. Dempsey went from fourth to first on the final straightaway.[4]
Race Results
Year | Date | Day | Winning Driver | Race Distance | Time of Race | Winning Speed | Starting Cars |
Lead Changes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Miles | Laps | ||||||||
2003 | May 17–18 a | Sat.-Sun. | Ed Carpenter | 100 | 40 | 55:02.1661 | 109.019 mph | 19 | 2 |
2004 | May 22 | Saturday | Thiago Medeiros | 100 | 40 | 42:16.4388 | 141.931 mph | 17 | 2 |
2005 | May 27 | Friday | Jaime Camara | 100 | 40 | 40:52.6390 | 146.780 mph | 18 | 7 |
2006 | May 26 | Friday | Wade Cunningham | 100 | 40 | 32:29.3233 | 184.679 mph | 19 | 0 |
2007 | May 25 | Friday | Alex Lloyd | 100 | 40 | 46:39.6029 | 128.590 mph | 24 | 0 |
2008 | May 24 b | Saturday | Dillon Battistini | 100 | 40 | 39:46.9495 | 150.820 mph | 27 | 4 |
2009 | May 22 | Friday | Wade Cunningham | 100 | 40 | 50:42.2548 | 118.333 mph | 22 | 9 |
2010 | May 28 | Friday | Wade Cunningham | 100 | 40 | 39:55.4552 | 150.285 mph | 16 | 4 |
2011 | May 27 | Friday | Josef Newgarden | 100 | 40 | 55:38.9881 | 107.817 mph | 18 | 6 |
2012 | May 25 | Friday | Esteban Guerrieri | 100 | 40 | 40:09.1965 | 149.427 mph | 19 c | 3 |
2013 | May 24 | Friday | Peter Dempsey | 100 | 40 | 36:48.6540 | 162.995 mph | 11 | 2 |
2014 | May 23 | Friday | Gabby Chaves | 100 | 40 | 41:46.9680 | 143.600 mph | 11 | 9 |
2015 | May 22 | Friday | Jack Harvey | 100 | 40 | 33:21.2712 | 179.886 mph | 11 | 6 |
- a In 2003 the race started on Saturday May 17, but was halted by rain. It was completed the following day.
- b The 2008 race was scheduled for Friday May 23 but postponed one day due to rain.
- c In 2012, Anders Krohn qualified for the race, but was unable to start due to mechanical problems. He was credited with the 19th place finish. Therefore, only 18 cars took the green flag.
Qualification results
Year | Date | Day | Pole Sitter / Fast Qualifier |
Pole 2-Lap Qualifying Time |
Pole Speed | Number of Qualifiers |
Slow Qualifier Speed |
Mean Qualifying Speed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2003 | May 16 | Friday | Ed Carpenter | 1:35.4958 | 188.490 mph | 18 | 179.550 mph | 184.460 mph |
2004 | May 21 | Friday | Thiago Medeiros | 1:35.1000 | 189.274 mph | 17 | 178.100 mph | 186.302 mph |
2005 | May 26 | Thursday | Jaime Camara | 1:34.8018 | 189.870 mph | 17 | 168.816 mph | 184.892 mph |
2006 | May 25 | Thursday | Wade Cunningham | 1:36.5546 | 186.423 mph | 18 | 171.844 mph | 181.753 mph |
2007 | May 24 | Thursday | Ken Losch | 1:35.6271 | 188.231 mph | 24 | 183.436 mph | 186.052 mph |
2008 | May 22 | Thursday | Dillon Battistini | 1:35.5430 | 188.397 mph | 27 | 178.497 mph | 186.196 mph |
2009 | May 21 | Thursday | Wade Cunningham | 1:34.6485 | 190.177 mph | 22 | 185.269 mph | 187.749 mph |
2010 | May 27 | Thursday | Pippa Mann | 1:35.7505 | 187.989 mph | 15 | 183.479 mph | 185.988 mph |
2011 | May 26 | Thursday | Bryan Clauson | Grid set by entrant points due to rain. | ||||
2012 | May 24 | Thursday | Gustavo Yacamán | 1:35.9913 | 187.517 mph | 19 | 184.494 mph | 185.828 mph |
2013 | May 23 | Thursday | Sage Karam | 1:35.1160 | 189.243 mph | 11 | 185.967 mph | 187.412 mph |
2014 | May 22 | Thursday | Luiz Razia | 1:35.8926 | 187.710 mph | 11 | 182.697 mph | 185.056 mph |
2015 | May 21 | Thursday | Ethan Ringel | 1:31.0545 | 197.684 mph | 12 | 194.404 mph | 195.909 mph |
Event records
Year | Driver | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fastest race | 2006 | Wade Cunningham | Time: 32:29.3233 | Speed: 184.679 mph | 100 Miles | 40 Laps |
Fastest qualification run | 2015 | Ethan Ringel | Time: 01:31.0545 | Speed: 197.684 mph | 5 Miles | 2 Laps |
Fastest qualifying lap | 2015 | Ethan Ringel | Time: 00:45.4854 | Speed: 197.866 mph | 2.5 Miles | 1 Lap |
Fastest race lap | 2015 | Félix Serrallés | Time: 00:45.8310 | Speed: 196.374 mph | 2.5 Miles | 1 Lap |
Most wins by a driver | 2006; 2009; 2010 | Wade Cunningham | 3 Wins | |||
Most starts by a driver | 2005 - 2010 | Wade Cunningham | 6 Starts | |||
Most participants | 2008 | 27 Starting Drivers |
Drivers
In the first eleven years that this race has been contested, 124 drivers have participated:
drivers who went on to race in the Indianapolis 500, after first participating in the Freedom 100. | |
drivers who had already driven in the Indianapolis 500, before participating in the Freedom 100. | |
drivers who attempted unsuccessfully to race in the Indianapolis 500 |
Driver | Nation | Starts | First | Latest | Best Finishing Position |
Best Finish Year |
Laps led |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbott, MishaelMishael Abbott | USA | 2 | 2005 | 2006 | 11 | 2005 | 0 |
Allemann, CyndieCyndie Allemann | Switzerland | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 26 | 2008 | 0 |
Anderson, ScottScott Anderson | USA | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 9 | 2014 | 0 |
Andretti, MarcoMarco Andretti | USA | 1 | 2005 | 2005 | 16 | 2005 | 0 |
Antinucci, RichardRichard Antinucci | USA | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 2 | 2008 | 0 |
Austin, ChaseChase Austin | USA | 4 | 2011 | 2014 | 8 | 2013 | 0 |
Barbosa, RodrigoRodrigo Barbosa | Brazil | 2 | 2009 | 2010 | 12 | 2010 | 0 |
Baron, AlexandreAlexandre Baron | France | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 7 | 2014 | 0 |
Battistini, DillonDillon Battistini | United Kingdom | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 1 | 2008 | 38 |
Beardsley, MattMatt Beardsley | USA | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 8 | 2004 | 0 |
Figueiredo, Ana BeatrizAna Beatriz Figueiredo | Brazil | 2 | 2008 | 2009 | 5 | 2008 | 0 |
Brabham, MatthewMatthew Brabham | USA | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 2 | 2014 | 28 |
Brownson, JonJon Brownson | USA | 2 | 2007 | 2008 | 9 | 2007 | 0 |
Bussell, NickNick Bussell | USA | 2 | 2006 | 2006 | 10 | 2006 | 0 |
Camara, JaimeJaime Camara | Brazil | 3 | 2005 | 2007 | 1 | 2005 | 33 |
Campos, Jr., AdrianAdrian Campos, Jr. | Spain | 1 | 2010 | 2010 | 10 | 2010 | 0 |
Carbone, VictorVictor Carbone | Brazil | 2 | 2011 | 2012 | 6 | 2012 | 25 |
Carlson, TyceTyce Carlson | USA | 1 | 2006 | 2006 | 15 | 2006 | 0 |
Carpenter, EdEd Carpenter | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 1 | 2003 | 39 |
Carter, ColeCole Carter | USA | 1 | 2005 | 2005 | 18 | 2005 | 0 |
Chaves, GabbyGabby Chaves | Colombia | 2 | 2013 | 2014 | 1 | 2014 | 6 |
Chesson, JamesJames Chesson | USA | 1 | 2006 | 2006 | 18 | 2006 | 0 |
Cioci, MarcoMarco Cioci | Italy | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 9 | 2003 | 0 |
Clarke, DanDan Clarke | United Kingdom | 1 | 2010 | 2010 | 4 | 2010 | 0 |
Clauson, BryanBryan Clauson | USA | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 5 | 2011 | 0 |
Cunningham, WadeWade Cunningham | New Zealand | 6 | 2005 | 2010 | 1 | 2006; 2009; 2010 | 99 |
Dana, PaulPaul Dana | USA | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 7 | 2003 | 0 |
Davison, JamesJames Davison | Australia | 2 | 2008 | 2009 | 6 | 2009 | 1 |
Day, AlonAlon Day | Israel | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 8 | 2012 | 0 |
Dempsey, PeterPeter Dempsey | Ireland | 3 | 2011 | 2013 | 1 | 2013 | 1 |
Dodge, GeoffGeoff Dodge | USA | 1 | 2006 | 2006 | 8 | 2006 | 0 |
Dollansky, CraigCraig Dollansky | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 17 | 2003 | 0 |
Donoso, PabloPablo Donoso | Chile | 2 | 2008 | 2009 | 9 | 2009 | 0 |
Drake, JayJay Drake | USA | 2 | 2004 | 2005 | 3 | 2005 | 0 |
Ebrahim, ArmaanArmaan Ebrahim | India | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 13 | 2012 | 0 |
Erwin, BrandonBrandon Erwin | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 11 | 2003 | 0 |
Ferreira, DuarteDuarte Ferreira | Angola | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 13 | 2011 | 0 |
Festa, ChrisChris Festa | USA | 4 | 2005 | 2008 | 2 | 2007 | 0 |
Fike, AaronAaron Fike | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 6 | 2003 | 0 |
Fletcher, TaylorTaylor Fletcher | USA | 2 | 2004 | 2005 | 9 | 2005 | 0 |
Garcia, Juan PabloJuan Pablo Garcia | Mexico | 4 | 2011 | 2014 | 6 | 2014 | 0 |
Garcia, VictorVictor Garcia | Spain | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 3 | 2011 | 0 |
Giebler, PhilPhil Giebler | USA | 2 | 2004 | 2006 | 5 | 2004 | 0 |
Gilbert, MickyMicky Gilbert | USA | 2 | 2007 | 2008 | 15 | 2007 | 0 |
Gomez, LoganLogan Gomez | USA | 2 | 2007 | 2008 | 7 | 2008 | 0 |
Goncalvez, JorgeJorge Goncalvez | Venezuela | 3 | 2011 | 2013 | 6 | 2013 | 0 |
Gregg, TravisTravis Gregg | USA | 1 | 2005 | 2005 | 6 | 2005 | 0 |
Grenier, MikaelMikael Grenier | Canada | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 10 | 2011 | 0 |
Guerrieri, EstebanEsteban Guerrieri | Argentina | 2 | 2011 | 2012 | 1 | 2012 | 5 |
Guthrie, SeanSean Guthrie | USA | 3 | 2006 | 2008 | 11 | 2006 | 0 |
Hamilton, MatthewMatthew Hamilton | New Zealand | 1 | 2006 | 2006 | 13 | 2006 | 0 |
Harrington, ScottScott Harrington | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 12 | 2003 | 0 |
Harvey, JackJack Harvey | United Kingdom | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 5 | 2014 | 0 |
Hawksworth, JackJack Hawksworth | United Kingdom | 1 | 2013 | 2013 | 10 | 2013 | 0 |
Herb, JonJon Herb | USA | 3 | 2004 | 2006 | 13 | 2005 | 1 |
Herrington, DanielDaniel Herrington | USA | 1 | 2009 | 2009 | 7 | 2009 | 0 |
Hildebrand, J.R.J.R. Hildebrand | USA | 2 | 2008 | 2009 | 2 | 2009 | 23 |
Hinchcliffe, JamesJames Hinchcliffe | Canada | 2 | 2009 | 2010 | 3 | 2010 | 0 |
Howard, JayJay Howard | United Kingdom | 2 | 2006 | 2009 | 2 | 2006 | 0 |
Horto, João VictorJoão Victor Horto | Brazil | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 7 | 2012 | 0 |
Husain, ImranImran Husain | India | 1 | 2005 | 2005 | 14 | 2005 | 0 |
Jackson, AlistairAlistair Jackson | United Kingdom | 1 | 2009 | 2009 | 19 | 2009 | 0 |
Jaeger, BradBrad Jaeger | USA | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 21 | 2007 | 0 |
Jantzi, ShaneShane Jantzi | Canada | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 18 | 2007 | 0 |
Jaskol, MattMatt Jaskol | USA | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 7 | 2007 | 0 |
Johncox, RonnieRonnie Johncox | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 8 | 2003 | 0 |
Justice, RyanRyan Justice | USA | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 13 | 2007 | 0 |
Karam, SageSage Karam | USA | 1 | 2013 | 2013 | 3 | 2013 | 12 |
Kimball, CharlieCharlie Kimball | USA | 2 | 2009 | 2010 | 2 | 2010 | 2 |
Klein, JonathanJonathan Klein | USA | 2 | 2006 | 2007 | 6 | 2006 | 0 |
Krohn, AndersAnders Krohn | Norway | 2 | 2011 | 2012 | 12 | 2011 | 7 |
Larrison, MikeMike Larrison | USA | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 9 | 2012 | 0 |
Lloyd, AlexAlex Lloyd | United Kingdom | 2 | 2006 | 2007 | 1 | 2007 | 40 |
Losch, KenKen Losch | Canada | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 24 | 2007 | 0 |
Luyendyk Jr., ArieArie Luyendyk Jr. | Netherlands | 4 | 2003 | 2010 | 3 | 2004 | 0 |
Maia, LeonardoLeonardo Maia | Brazil | 1 | 2004 | 2004 | 6 | 2004 | 0 |
Major, PhilipPhilip Major | Canada | 1 | 2010 | 2010 | 6 | 2010 | 0 |
Mann, PippaPippa Mann | United Kingdom | 2 | 2009 | 2010 | 16 | 2010 | 0 |
Mason, JesseJesse Mason | Canada | 2 | 2004 | 2009 | 8 | 2009 | 0 |
Matos, RaphaelRaphael Matos | Brazil | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 10 | 2008 | 0 |
Medeiros, ThiagoThiago Medeiros | Brazil | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 1 | 2004 | 35 |
Meyer, ZackZack Meyer | Canada | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 10 | 2014 | 0 |
Mitchell, RustyRusty Mitchell | USA | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 7 | 2011 | 0 |
Moran Jr., RockyRocky Moran Jr. | USA | 1 | 2005 | 2005 | 17 | 2005 | 0 |
Muñoz, CarlosCarlos Muñoz | Colombia | 2 | 2012 | 2013 | 2 | 2012 | 27 |
Mutoh, HidekiHideki Mutoh | Japan | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 5 | 2007 | 0 |
Newgarden, JosefJosef Newgarden | USA | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 1 | 2011 | 30 |
Newton-John, EmersonEmerson Newton-John | USA | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 17 | 2012 | 0 |
O'Gara, KyleKyle O'Gara | USA | 1 | 2013 | 2013 | 11 | 2013 | 0 |
Olson, MarkMark Olson | USA | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 25 | 2008 | 0 |
Ostella, DavidDavid Ostella | Canada | 2 | 2011 | 2012 | 8 | 2011 | 0 |
Pecorari, RobbieRobbie Pecorari | USA | 2 | 2007 | 2008 | 4 | 2008 | 0 |
Peterson, GaryGary Peterson | USA | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 13 | 2004 | 0 |
Piedrahita, JuanJuan Piedrahita | Colombia | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 8 | 2014 | 0 |
Plowman, MartinMartin Plowman | United Kingdom | 2 | 2009 | 2010 | 5 | 2010 | 0 |
Pollard, BradBrad Pollard | USA | 1 | 2004 | 2004 | 11 | 2004 | 0 |
Potekhen, MikeMike Potekhen | USA | 3 | 2007 | 2009 | 6 | 2007 | 0 |
Prendeville, AndrewAndrew Prendeville | USA | 3 | 2007 | 2009 | 4 | 2007 | 0 |
Quintanilla, RolandoRolando Quintanilla | Mexico | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 10 | 2003 | 0 |
Quiroga, GermanGerman Quiroga | Mexico | 1 | 2005 | 2005 | 10 | 2005 | 0 |
Razia, LuizLuiz Razia | Brazil | 1 | 2014 | 2014 | 4 | 2014 | 5 |
Reid, JonnyJonny Reid | New Zealand | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 20 | 2008 | 0 |
Roe, BillyBilly Roe | USA | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 9 | 2004 | 0 |
Romancini, MarioMario Romancini | Brazil | 1 | 2009 | 2009 | 3 | 2009 | 0 |
Roth, MartyMarty Roth | Canada | 2 | 2004 | 2005 | 5 | 2005 | 0 |
Saavedra, SebastianSebastian Saavedra | Colombia | 3 | 2009 | 2012 | 5 | 2009; 2012 | 3 |
Scarallo, JoeyJoey Scarallo | Australia | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 20 | 2007 | 0 |
Sherman, BrentBrent Sherman | USA | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 16 | 2008 | 0 |
Simmons, JeffJeff Simmons | USA | 5 | 2003 | 2010 | 2 | 2004 | 5 |
Simpson, JimmyJimmy Simpson | USA | 1 | 2013 | 2013 | 7 | 2013 | 0 |
Simpson, StephenStephen Simpson | South Africa | 1 | 2007 | 2007 | 14 | 2007 | 0 |
Slotten, JakeJake Slotten | USA | 1 | 2008 | 2008 | 23 | 2008 | 0 |
Strous, JuniorJunior Strous | Netherlands | 1 | 2009 | 2009 | 10 | 2009 | 0 |
Summerton, JonathanJonathan Summerton | USA | 1 | 2009 | 2009 | 12 | 2009 | 0 |
Taylor, MarkMark Taylor | United Kingdom | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 3 | 2003 | 1 |
Unser III, AlAl Unser III | USA | 3 | 2005 | 2008 | 4 | 2005 | 0 |
Urlin, JonathanJonathan Urlin | USA | 1 | 2003 | 2003 | 5 | 2003 | 0 |
Van Blankers, BrettBrett Van Blankers | Canada | 1 | 2006 | 2006 | 14 | 2006 | 0 |
Vautier, TristanTristan Vautier | France | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 3 | 2012 | 11 |
Veach, ZachZach Veach | USA | 2 | 2013 | 2014 | 3 | 2014 | 1 |
Vernay, Jean-KarlJean-Karl Vernay | France | 1 | 2010 | 2010 | 13 | 2010 | 0 |
Wagner, BrandonBrandon Wagner | USA | 4 | 2009 | 2012 | 8 | 2010 | 0 |
Webb, OliverOliver Webb | United Kingdom | 1 | 2012 | 2012 | 15 | 2012 | 0 |
Wieringa, TomTom Wieringa | USA | 3 | 2006 | 2008 | 12 | 2006 | 0 |
Williams, MarcMarc Williams | New Zealand | 2 | 2007 | 2008 | 15 | 2008 | 0 |
Wilson, BobbyBobby Wilson | USA | 3 | 2006 | 2008 | 6 | 2008 | 0 |
Wilson, StefanStefan Wilson | United Kingdom | 2 | 2010 | 2011 | 4 | 2011 | 1 |
Winslow, JamesJames Winslow | United Kingdom | 1 | 2011 | 2011 | 17 | 2011 | 0 |
Witherill, CoryCory Witherill | USA | 2 | 2003 | 2004 | 2 | 2003 | 0 |
Wood, TomTom Wood | Canada | 3 | 2003 | 2006 | 9 | 2006 | 0 |
Yacaman, GustavoGustavo Yacaman | Colombia | 4 | 2009 | 2012 | 4 | 2012 | 1 |
Freedom 100 and Indianapolis 500 "Double"
Since the Freedom 100 began in 2003, seven different drivers have competed both in this race and in the Indianapolis 500, during the same month.
Year | Driver | Freedom 100 Finish |
Indianapolis 500 finish |
2004 | Marty Roth | 16 | 24 |
2004 | Jeff Simmons | 2 | 16 |
2005 | Marty Roth | 5 | 31 |
2008 | Jeff Simmons | 8 | 28 |
2010 | Sebastian Saavedra | 9 | 23 |
2012 | Sebastian Saavedra | 5 | 26 |
2013 | Carlos Muñoz | 4 | 2 |
Sources
References
- ↑ 1979 Mini-Indy Series IRP at ChampCarStats.com
- ↑ "Firestone Freedom 100 To Feature Firestone Indy Lights May 23 At IMS". name. 2008-03-26. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
- ↑ "Guerrieri charges from back to win Freedom 100". name. 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
- ↑ Marot, Michael. Indianapolis Motor Speedway With Historic Final Lap, Huffington Post, May 24, 2013, Retrieved 2013-05-24