French cruiser Émile Bertin

Émile Bertin
History
France
Name: Émile Bertin
Namesake: Louis-Émile Bertin
Builder: Chantiers de Penhoët
Laid down: 18 August 1931
Launched: 9 May 1933
Commissioned: 28 January 1935
Decommissioned: October 1951
Struck: 27 October 1959
Fate: scrapped in 1961
General characteristics
Type: Light cruiser
Tonnage:
  • 5,886 tonnes (standard)
  • 6,530 tonnes (max load)
  • 8,480 tonnes (max overload)
Length: 177 m (581 ft) (overall)
Beam: 15.84 m (52.0 ft)
Draught: 5.44 m (17.8 ft)
Installed power:
  • 102,000 shp (76,000 kW)
  • 137,908 shp (102,838 kW) on trials
Propulsion:
  • Parsons SR geared steam turbines
  • 6 Penhoët boilers
Speed: 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) (40 knots (74 km/h; 46 mph) during trials)
Range:
  • 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)
  • 2,800 nautical miles (5,190 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
  • 1,100 nautical miles (2,040 km) at 33 knots (61 km/h)
Complement: 711
Armament:
  • (modified December 1943)
  • 9 × 155 mm (6.1 in)/50 guns (3 × 3)
  • 4 × 90 mm (3.5 in)/50 anti-aircraft guns (1 × 2 and 2 × 1; later 2 × 2)
  • 8 × 37 mm (1.5 in) (4 × 2) anti-aircraft guns, later 16 × 40 mm (1.6 in) (4 × 4)
  • 8 × 13.2 mm (0.52 in) (4 × 2), later 20 × 20 mm (0.79 in) (20 × 1) anti-aircraft guns
  • 6 × 550 mm (22 in) torpedo tubes (2 × 3), later removed
  • 200 mines
Armour:
Aircraft carried: 2 seaplanes (removed in 1943)
Aviation facilities: 1 catapult (removed in 1943)

Émile Bertin was a French fast light cruiser named after Louis-Émile Bertin, a 19th-century naval architect. She was designed to operate both as a minelayer and as a destroyer flotilla leader. The design was the basis for later light and heavy French cruisers, particularly the slightly larger La Galissonnière class of cruisers. This was the first French warship to use triple mountings.

Operational career

Before World War II, Émile Bertin served as flagship for a flotilla of twelve large destroyers of the Malin and Maillé Brézé classes in the Atlantic. At the start of 1939, she was transferred to Toulon.

In secrecy, she arrived in Lebanon on 23 September 1939, loaded with 57 tons of gold - the Polish state gold reserves - and returned to Toulon. At the start of 1940, after a refit at Toulon, she carried out surveillance around the Canary Islands to ensure that there were no German forces there.

After further dockyard work at Brest, in early April 1940, she became the flagship of Group Z, the French squadron supporting the Allied Norwegian campaign, with Admiral Derrien in command. As well as Émile Bertin, Group Z comprised the 2,400-tonne contre-torpilleurs (large destroyers) Tartu, Chevalier Paul, Maillé Brézé, Milan, Bison and Épervier, as well as the 1,500-tonne Brestois, Boulonnais and Foudroyant. Off Namsos, she was attacked by the Luftwaffe and damaged by bombs on 19 April. She returned to Brest for repair and remained there until 21 May, and was replaced off Norway, by the cruiser Montcalm.

She made two trips from Brest to Halifax, Nova Scotia, the first with the cruiser Jeanne d'Arc and aircraft carrier Béarn, carrying gold from the Bank of France.[1] The French armistice was signed shortly after Émile Bertin had docked for the second time, and when Captain Battet signalled the French Admiralty for advice,[2] the cruiser was ordered to Fort-de-France, Martinique with the gold. No effort by Royal Navy units present succeeded in preventing this, but the ocean liner Pasteur, which was to follow Émile Bertin, did not succeed in leaving Halifax fast enough. She was seized and used as troopship operated under British colours.

Once at Martinique and the gold safely unloaded, she made ready to defend the island against an expected British attack - which was abandoned through United States pressure. For the next two years or so the ship was inactive at anchor off Fort-de-France, until, on 16 May 1942 she was ordered by the Vichy authorities to be immobilised, after pressure from the United States.

She joined the Allied forces in June 1943, under French colours, and was modernised in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Émile Bertin later operated in the Mediterranean, took part in the Allied invasion of southern France (Operation Dragoon) in 1944 and later bombarded Axis positions along the Italian Riviera.

After various Mediterranean duties, the cruiser entered Toulon for a refit until October 1945. She then deployed as flagship to Indochina until 2 July 1946 when she sailed for home with the cruiser Tourville. Émile Bertin then served as a gunnery training ship until the navy finally scrapped her in October 1959.

References

  1. ↑ Draper 1979, p. 174
  2. ↑ Draper 1979, pp. 190–191

Bibliography

Further reading

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