Myocilin

Myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
Identifiers
Symbols MYOC ; GLC1A; GPOA; JOAG; JOAG1; TIGR; myocilin
External IDs OMIM: 601652 MGI: 1202864 HomoloGene: 220 GeneCards: MYOC Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 4653 17926
Ensembl ENSG00000034971 ENSMUSG00000026697
UniProt Q99972 O70624
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000261 NM_010865
RefSeq (protein) NP_000252 NP_034995
Location (UCSC) Chr 1:
171.64 – 171.65 Mb
Chr 1:
162.64 – 162.65 Mb
PubMed search

Myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response, also known as MYOC, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the MYOC gene.[1][2] Mutations in MYOC are a major cause of glaucoma.

Function

MYOC encodes the protein myocilin. The precise function of myocilin is unknown, but it is normally secreted into the aqueous humor of the eye. MYOC mutations, which cause myocilin to accumulate in the cells of the trabecular meshwork are a common cause of glaucoma.

Myocilin is believed to have a role in cytoskeletal function. MYOC is expressed in many ocular tissues, including the trabecular meshwork, and was revealed to be the trabecular meshwork glucocorticoid-inducible response protein (TIGR). The trabecular meshwork is a specialized eye tissue essential in regulating intraocular pressure, and mutations in MYOC have been identified as the cause of hereditary juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma.[3]

Clinical significance

MYOC contains a signal sequence for secretion, and is secreted into the aqueous humor of the eye by the trabecular meshwork. Mutations in MYOC are found in 4% of adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma and >10% of juvenile-onset primary open-angle glaucoma. Overexpression or underexpression of MYOC does not cause glaucoma. However, the MYOC gene also contains a signal sequence, which is normally not functional, that directs intracellular proteins to peroxisomes. Glaucoma-associated mutations activate that signal sequence and direct myocilin to peroxisomes, where they accumulate in the cell, instead of being secreted. Decreased secretion and increased accumulation appear to be the initial steps in myocilin-associated glaucoma.[4]

Interactions

MYOC has been shown to interact with OLFM3.[5]

References

  1. Stone EM, Fingert JH, Alward WL, Nguyen TD, Polansky JR, Sunden SL, Nishimura D, Clark AF, Nystuen A, Nichols BE, Mackey DA, Ritch R, Kalenak JW, Craven ER, Sheffield VC (January 1997). "Identification of a gene that causes primary open angle glaucoma". Science 275 (5300): 668–70. doi:10.1126/science.275.5300.668. PMID 9005853.
  2. Kubota R, Noda S, Wang Y, Minoshima S, Asakawa S, Kudoh J, Mashima Y, Oguchi Y, Shimizu N (May 1997). "A novel myosin-like protein (myocilin) expressed in the connecting cilium of the photoreceptor: molecular cloning, tissue expression, and chromosomal mapping". Genomics 41 (3): 360–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4682. PMID 9169133.
  3. "Entrez Gene: MYOC myocilin, trabecular meshwork inducible glucocorticoid response".
  4. Young H. Kwon, John H. Fingert, Markus H. Kuehn, Wallace L.M. Alward, Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma, N Engl J Med 2009;360:1113-24.
  5. Torrado, Mario; Trivedi Ritu; Zinovieva Rina; Karavanova Irina; Tomarev Stanislav I (May 2002). "Optimedin: a novel olfactomedin-related protein that interacts with myocilin". Hum. Mol. Genet. (England) 11 (11): 1291–301. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.11.1291. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 12019210.

Further reading


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