GNMT

Glycine N-methyltransferase
PDB rendering based on 1bhj.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1R74​, 2AZT​
Identifiers
Symbol	GNMT
External IDs	OMIM: 606628 MGI: 1202304 HomoloGene: 7741 GeneCards: GNMT Gene
EC number	2.1.1.20
Gene ontology Molecular function • protein binding • folic acid binding • glycine binding • glycine N-methyltransferase activity Cellular component • cytoplasm Biological process • glycogen metabolic process • regulation of gluconeogenesis • cellular protein modification process • methionine metabolic process • one-carbon metabolic process • methylation • S-adenosylmethionine metabolic process • protein homotetramerization Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	27232	14711
Ensembl	ENSG00000124713	ENSMUSG00000002769
UniProt	Q14749	Q9QXF8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_018960	NM_010321
RefSeq (protein)	NP_061833	NP_034451
Location (UCSC)	Chr 6: 42.96 – 42.96 Mb	Chr 17: 46.73 – 46.73 Mb
PubMed search

Glycine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GNMT gene.^[1][2][3]

Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT; EC 2.1.1.20) catalyzes the synthesis of N-methylglycine (sarcosine) from glycine using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as the methyl donor. The enzyme was first described by Blumenstein and Williams (1960) in guinea pig liver. GNMT acts as an enzyme to regulate the ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) and participates in the detoxification pathway in liver cells.[supplied by OMIM]^[3]

References

1. Chen YM, Chen LY, Wong FH, Lee CM, Chang TJ, Yang-Feng TL (Jul 2000). "Genomic structure, expression, and chromosomal localization of the human glycine N-methyltransferase gene". Genomics 66 (1): 43–7. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6188. PMID 10843803.
2. Chen YM, Shiu JY, Tzeng SJ, Shih LS, Chen YJ, Lui WY, Chen PH (Mar 1998). "Characterization of glycine-N-methyltransferase-gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma". Int J Cancer 75 (5): 787–93. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19980302)75:5<787::AID-IJC20>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 9495250.
3. "Entrez Gene: GNMT glycine N-methyltransferase".

Further reading

• Wagner C, Decha-Umphai W, Corbin J (1989). "Phosphorylation modulates the activity of glycine N-methyltransferase, a folate binding protein. In vitro phosphorylation is inhibited by the natural folate ligand.". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (16): 9638–42. PMID 2722853.
• Mudd SH, Ebert MH, Scriver CR (1980). "Labile methyl group balances in the human: the role of sarcosine.". Metab. Clin. Exp. 29 (8): 707–20. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(80)90192-4. PMID 6157075.
• Bhat R, Bresnick E (1997). "Glycine N-methyltransferase is an example of functional diversity. Role as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-binding receptor.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (34): 21221–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.34.21221. PMID 9261130.
• Mudd SH, Cerone R, Schiaffino MC; et al. (2002). "Glycine N-methyltransferase deficiency: a novel inborn error causing persistent isolated hypermethioninaemia.". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 24 (4): 448–64. doi:10.1023/A:1010577512912. PMID 11596649.
• Luka Z, Cerone R, Phillips JA; et al. (2002). "Mutations in human glycine N-methyltransferase give insights into its role in methionine metabolism.". Hum. Genet. 110 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1007/s00439-001-0648-4. PMID 11810299.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Tseng TL, Shih YP, Huang YC; et al. (2003). "Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of a putative tumor susceptibility gene, GNMT, in liver cancer.". Cancer Res. 63 (3): 647–54. PMID 12566309.
• Møller MT, Samari HR, Fengsrud M; et al. (2003). "Okadaic acid-induced, naringin-sensitive phosphorylation of glycine N-methyltransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes.". Biochem. J. 373 (Pt 2): 505–13. doi:10.1042/BJ20030502. PMC 1223502. PMID 12697024.
• Luka Z, Wagner C (2004). "Effect of naturally occurring mutations in human glycine N-methyltransferase on activity and conformation.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 312 (4): 1067–72. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.037. PMID 14651980.
• Augoustides-Savvopoulou P, Luka Z, Karyda S; et al. (2004). "Glycine N -methyltransferase deficiency: a new patient with a novel mutation.". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 26 (8): 745–59. doi:10.1023/B:BOLI.0000009978.17777.33. PMID 14739680.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T; et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network.". Nature 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
• Beagle B, Yang TL, Hung J; et al. (2006). "The glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) 1289 C->T variant influences plasma total homocysteine concentrations in young women after restricting folate intake.". J. Nutr. 135 (12): 2780–5. PMID 16317120.
• Luka Z, Pakhomova S, Luka Y; et al. (2007). "Destabilization of human glycine N-methyltransferase by H176N mutation.". Protein Sci. 16 (9): 1957–64. doi:10.1110/ps.072921507. PMC 2206963. PMID 17660255.