Gala (apple)

Malus domestica 'Gala'

Hybrid parentage	'Kidd's Orange Red' × 'Golden Delicious'
Cultivar	'Gala'
Origin	New Zealand, 1930s^[1]

Fruit and leaf detail

'Gala' is a clonally propagated apple cultivar with a mild and sweet flavor. 'Gala' apples ranked at number 2 in 2006 on the US Apple Association's list of most popular apples, after 'Red Delicious' and before 'Golden Delicious', 'Granny Smith', and 'Fuji' (in order).^[2] The skin color of the fruit is non-uniform.

Appearance and flavor

Gala apples are vertically striped or mottled, overall orange in colour.^[1] Gala apples are sweet, fine textured, and aromatic,^[1] and can be added to salads or cooked, and are especially suitable for creating sauces.^[3]

History

The first Gala apple tree was one of many seedlings resulting from a cross between a Golden Delicious and a Kidd's Orange Red planted in New Zealand in the 1930s by orchardist J.H. Kidd. Donald W. McKenzie, an employee of Stark Bros Nursery, obtained a US plant patent for the cultivar on October 15, 1974.^[4] It is a relatively new introduction to the UK, first planted in commercial volumes during the 1980s. The variety now represents about 20% of the total volume of the commercial production of eating apples grown in the UK, often replacing Cox's Orange Pippin.

Sports (mutations)

Many sports of Gala have been selected, mostly for increased red color, including the popular Royal Gala. The original cultivar produced fruit with orange stripes and a partial orange blush over a yellow background. Since then, several un-patented sports have been recognized. Additionally, more than twenty sports have received US plant patents:

Date	"Inventor"	Marketed as	Mutated From	Assignee	Habit	Pattern	Earlier	Color	Plant Patent Number
Oct 15, 1974	McKenzie	Gala	-	Stark	standard	partial blush	-	yellow	US plant patent 3637
Oct 4, 1977	Ten Hove	Royal Gala, Tenroy	Gala³⁶³⁷	Stark	standard	stripe	-	red	US plant patent 4121
May 10, 1988	Creech	Scarlet Gala^[5]	Kidd's D-8³⁶³⁷	C & 0	standard	blush	-	scarlet	US plant patent 6172
Aug 1, 1989	Kiddle	Galaxy	Tenroy⁴¹²¹	Stark	standard	stripe	earlier	intense red	US plant patent 6955
Dec 18, 1990	Cooper	Treco Spur Red Gala No. 42, Regal	Auvil	Oregon Rootstock	spur	stripe	-	red	US plant patent 7396
Jul 16, 1991	Fulford	Fulford	Kidd³⁶³⁷		standard	blush	-	bright red	US plant patent 7589
Mar 1, 1994	Olsen	Obrogala, UltraRed	Tenroy⁴¹²¹	Stark	standard	stripe	2–4 days	redder	US plant patent 8621
Apr 5, 1994	Waliser	Waliser Gala	Tenroy⁴¹²¹	Waliser	standard	stripe	10 days	bright red	US plant patent 8673
May 10, 1994	Hill	Applewaites	Kidd's³⁶³⁷		standard	blush	2–3 days	more complete red	US plant patent 8720
Nov 5, 1996	Olsen	Olsentwo Gala, Pacific Gala	Royal Gala⁴¹²¹		standard	stripe	5–10 days	distinguishably different	US plant patent 9681
Sep 2 1997	Brookfield	Baigent	Royal Gala⁴¹²¹	Brookfield	standard	stripe	extremely early	bright red	US plant patent 10016
Nov 11 1997	Gale	Gale Gala	Royal Gala⁴¹²¹	Van Well	standard	stripe	3 weeks	more complete	US plant patent 10114
Jun 23, 1998	Fackler	Big Red Gala	Kidd's³⁶³⁷	Protree	standard	stripe	-	same	US plant patent 10458
Mar 30, 1999	Simmons	Simmons	Imperial	Peace Valley	standard	stripe	21 days	brighter red	US plant patent 10840
Jan 18, 2000	Stiekema	Stiekema 1	Obragala⁸⁶²¹		standard	blush	-	red	US plant patent 11182
Apr 11, 2000	McSpadden, Jr	Caitlin	Tenroy⁴¹²¹	Stark	standard	stripe	"earlier"	-	US plant patent 11348
Aug 13, 2002	Black	Harry Black	Kidd's³⁶³⁷	International Plant Management	standard	stripe	5 wk. later	-	US plant patent 12842
Apr 29, 2003	Banning	Banning Gala	Imperial		standard	stripe	-	intense red blush, darker stripe	US plant patent 13753
Jan 6, 2004	Smith	Smith gala	Tenroy⁴¹²¹		standard	stripe	-	yellow	US plant patent 14448
May 4, 2004	Weaver	Weaver	Fulford⁷⁵⁸⁹	Adams County Nursery	more compact	blush	-	bright red	US plant patent 14752
Jan 4, 2005	Ligonniere	Dalitoga	Imperial	SNC Elaris	standard	stripe	3 wk.	yellow	US plant patent 15465
Aug 15, 2006	Burkitt	Burkitt Gala	Tenroy⁴¹²¹	BMA Trust	standard	stripe	10 d.	completely red	US plant patent 17013
Feb 26, 2008	McDonald	El Niño	Royal⁴¹²¹		standard	intense dark red stripe		bright red	US plant patent 18512
Jul 8 2008	McLaughlin	McLaughlin Gala, Blondee	Kidd's³⁶³⁷		standard	no striping or blush	4—6 d.	yellow	US plant patent 19007
Dec 30, 2008	Fankhauser	Alvnia	Gala	Fankhauser	standard	stripes	"earlier"	red, > 95A% coverage	US plant patent 19604
Apr 14, 2009	Richard	Galaval	Galaxy⁶⁹⁵⁵	Pepinieres du Valois	standard	blush	-	intense dark purple brown	US plant patent 19909

Unpatented varieties include: Auvil, Imperial

Descendent cultivar(s)

Delfloga (Royal Gala × Florina)
Jazz (Royal Gala × Braeburn)
Envy (Royal Gala × Braeburn)
Nicoter (Gala × Braeburn) ^[6]

Season

Gala apple from South Tirol with PDO sticker.

Gala apples are grown from May through September in the northern hemisphere, but, like most apples, are available almost all year through the use of cold storage and controlled atmosphere storage. Australian Gala are available from late January. California fruit is available until October. While the season usually lasts only 9 or 10 months, they are able to last all year round. However, due to some apples continuing to be grown in some orchards, and the fact that they can be refrigerated for some months, leads to the availability of the Gala apple year round in some Australian markets. These usually taste different (slightly less sweet) from those in season.The UK season begins in late summer (August). Storage makes the UK fruit available nearly year round as with fruit from other origins.

Royal Gala cultigen

Royal Gala is a cultigen made from a redder sport of the Gala apple in the 1970s. It is a pink-red dessert apple and is therefore usually eaten fresh. Royal Galas are usually harvested in early to late February in the southern hemisphere. In New Zealand the pinker original Gala has almost disappeared as a commercial apple in favour of the darker skinned Royal cultigen.

Storage

The optimum temperature for storing apples is between -1° and 1 °C (30 to 34 °F), and the optimum relative humidity is 90 to 95%. Ethylene gas can speed ripening and spoilage and reduce firmness of apples, as with many other fruit.^[7]

Listeria

In the beginning of 2015, Royal Gala and Granny Smith apples from the United States were identified as the likely cause of a Listeriosis outbreak.^[8] Listeria is a bacteria that can cause nausea, vomiting, headaches, neck stiffness, and can be dangerous to people with deficient immune systems.

Footnotes

1 2 3 "Gala", National Fruit Collection, retrieved 31 October 2015
↑ http://www.usapple.org/consumers/applebits/core.cfm
↑ http://www.aussieapples.com.au/aussie-grown-varieties/royal-gala.aspx
↑ US plant patent 3637
↑ US plant patent 7396
↑ United States Patent PP17201
↑ Elizabeth J. Mitcham, Carlos H. Crisosto and Adel A. Kader. "Recommendations for Maintaining Postharvest Quality". Postharvest Technology Research Information Center. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
↑ Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Commercially Produced, Prepackaged Caramel Apples Made from Bidart Bros. Apples (Final Update), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, retrieved 31 October 2015

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gala (apple).

Apples

List of apple cultivars

Species	Malus domestica Malus niedzwetskyana Malus sieversii

Table apples	Adams Pearmain Akane Åkerö Alkmene Allington Pippin Ambrosia Anna Annurca Ariane Arkansas Black Ashmead's Kernel Aurora Golden Gala Baldwin Beacon Beauty of Bath Belle de Boskoop Bellflower Ben Davis Birgit Bonnier Braeburn Brina Cameo Champion Civni (Rubens) Claygate Pearmain Clivia Cornish Aromatic Cornish Gilliflower Cortland Court Pendu Plat Cox's Orange Pippin Crimson Gold Cripps Red Cripps Pink (Pink Lady) Delbard Jubilee Delbarestivale Delrouval Discovery Dorsett Golden Dougherty Duchess of Oldenburg Egremont Russet Ellison's Orange Elstar Empire Enterprise Envy Esopus Spitzenburg Eva Fiesta Flamenco Florina Fuji Gala Geheimrat Dr. Oldenburg Ginger Gold Golden Delicious Golden Orange Goldspur Granny Smith Gravenstein Grimes Golden Haralson Honeycrisp Honeygold Idared Ingrid Marie James Grieve Jazz Jersey Black Jonagold Jonathan Jubilee Julieta Jupiter Kanzi Karmijn de Sonnaville King Byerd King of the Pippins Knobby Russet Lady Alice Laxton's Superb Liberty Liveland Raspberry Lodi Lord Lambourne Lucombe's Seedling Macoun McIntosh Melba Melrose Mutsu Newtown Pippin Nicola Opal Pacific Rose Pam's Delight Papirovka Paula Red Pink Pearl Pinova Prima Pristine Rajka Ralls Genet Rambo Red Astrachan Red Delicious Redlove apples Rhode Island Greening Ribston Pippin Rome Roxbury Russet Sandow Sekai Ichi Spartan Splendour Star of Devon Stayman Sturmer Pippin Summerfree Sundowner Sunset Suntan SweeTango Taliaferro Tartu Rose Tentation Tompkins King Topaz Wealthy Winesap Winston Wyken Pippin York Imperial Zestar

Cooking apples	Antonovka Bismarck Blenheim Orange Bramley Calville Blanc d'hiver Chelmsford Wonder Creston Crimson Bramley Flower of Kent Golden Noble Grenadier Manks Codlin Newton Wonder Norfolk Biffin Northern Spy Reinette du Canada Upton Pyne White Transparent Wolf River Worcester Pearmain

Cider apples	Antonovka Brown Snout Crimson King Dabinett Dufflin Foxwhelp Gascoyne's Scarlet Golden Russet Golden Spire Hangdown Harrison Cider Kingston Black Redstreak Slack-ma-Girdle Styre Tom Putt

Ornamental apple	Flamenco Goldspur Wijcik McIntosh

Apple products	Apfelwein Apple butter Apple cake Apple chips Apple cider Apple cider vinegar Apple crisp Apple dishes Apple juice Apple pie Apple sauce Apple seed oil Apple strudel Applejack Calvados Candy apple Caramel apple Cider Ice cider Jewish apple cake Pectin Pommeau

Agriculture	Apple diseases Apple picking Apple scab Applecrab Countries by apple production Fruit tree pruning Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Johnny Appleseed Lepidoptera that feed on Malus Malling series Malus Pearmain Pollination Pome PRI disease resistant apple breeding program Reinette Russeting US Apple Association

Category

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