Galium californicum
| California bedstraw | |
|---|---|
 | |
| ssp. sierrae | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Genus: | Galium |
| Species: | G. californicum |
| Binomial name | |
| Galium californicum Hook. & Arn. | |
Galium californicum is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family known by the common name California bedstraw.
The plant is endemic to California. It grows mainly in moist, shady habitats in hills and mountainous areas, often within the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion.[1]
Description
Galium californicum is a variable plant in the form of a small perennial herb to a sprawling woody-based shrub approaching 1 metre (3.3 ft) in height. Its stems and small oval-shaped leaves are hairy.
The plant is dioecious with male plants producing small clusters of staminate flowers and female plants producing solitary flowers. Both types of flower are generally dull yellow. The fruit is a berry covered in soft hairs.
Subspecies
Seven subspecies of Galium californicum, all endemic to California, are currently recognized: [2] [3][4]
- Galium californicum subsp. californicum — California bedstraw — endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains of the Outer South California Coast Ranges. [5]
- Galium californicum subsp. flaccidum — endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains of the Outer South California Coast Ranges, Outer and Inner North California Coast Ranges, and San Francisco Bay Area. [6]
- Galium californicum subsp. luciense — Cone Peak bedstraw — endemic to the Santa Lucia Mountains, on the Central Coast of California; CNPS rare species. [7]
- Galium californicum subsp. maritimum — Coastal California bedstraw — endemic to Outer South California Coast Ranges, San Francisco Peninsula to Southern California. [8]
- Galium californicum subsp. miguelense — San Miguel Island bedstraw — endemic to San Miguel Island of the northern Channel Islands, Southern California; CNPS rare species. [9]
- Galium californicum subsp. primum — endemic to the San Jacinto Mountains and Chino Hills, Riverside County, California; State threatened species. [10]
- Galium californicum subsp. sierrae — El Dorado bedstraw — endemic to the Sierra Nevada foothills in El Dorado County; State rare species, federal endangered species. [11][12]
Conservation
One of the subspecies of the plant, the El Dorado bedstraw (Galium californicum subsp. sierrae) is CNPS−California Native Plant Society and State of California listed Rare plant species, and a federally listed Endangered species of the United States. It grows in the gabbro soils of the Pine Hill Ecological Reserve and surrounding area in the interior chaparral and woodlands of the Sierra Nevada foothills in El Dorado County, eastern California. It differs from Galium californicum ssp. californicum by its narrower leaves.[13]
See also
- California chaparral and woodlands
- Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands — flora.
- Endemic flora of California
References
- ↑ Biota of North America Program
- ↑ Calflora Database: Taxon report and varieties for Galium californicum . accessed 54.5.2015
- ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Dempster, Lauramay Tinsley & Stebbins, George Ledyard. 1968. University of California Publications in Botany 46: 30–32 — accessed May 2014.
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum subsp. californicum
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum subsp. flaccidum
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum subsp. luciense
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum subsp. maritimum
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum subsp. miguelense
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum ssp. primum
- ↑ Pine Hill Preserve.org: Galium californicum subsp. sierrae (El Dorado bedstraw)
- ↑ Calflora: Galium californicum ssp. sierrae
- ↑ USFWS. Determination of Endangered Status for Four Plants and Threatened Status for One Plant From the Central Sierran Foothills of California. Federal Register October 18, 1996.
External links
- CalFlora Database: Galium californicum (California bedstraw)
- Jepson Manual Treatment — Galium californicum
- USDA Plants Profile for Galium californicum (California bedstraw)
- The Nature Conservancy: Galium californicum conservation
- Galium californicum — UC Photos gallery