General VuÄa
General VuÄa (Serbian: Вуча Ðенерал) or General Vuka[1] is a popular legendary hero of Serbian epic poetry who is depicted as enemy of Kraljević Marko.
Song
VuÄa first appeared in the poem Marko Kraljević and General VuÄa, which was sung by TeÅ¡an Podrugović in Sremski Karlovci and recorded by Vuk Karadžić who published it in 1845 within second volume of the 'Songs of Serbian people' (Serbian: СрпÑке народне пјеÑме) collection. This song is one of the songs Podrugović learned in Srem.[2] VuÄa and his son Velimir are the most mysterious epic heroes who were enemies of Marko Kraljević.[3] They are foreigners like other main enemies of Marko Kraljević.[4] Like other enemies of Marko (i.e. Musa Kesedžija or Djemo the Mountaineer) VuÄa is also of exceptional strength.[5]
At the beginning of the song VuÄa captures three heroes who are friends of Kraljević Marko and puts them in the dungeon of Petrovaradin (Varadin in song). Marko Kraljević first defeats General VuÄa's son and his three hundred horsmen and then General VuÄa himself together with his thousand horsemen.[6] VuÄa's wife releases three heroes from the dungeon against Marko's request, which is an example of "jailor's daughter" type of help.[7] Besides three heroes (MiloÅ¡ od Pocerja, Milan Toplica and KosanÄić Ivan) Marko also releases father of Milan Toplica who was also captured by General VuÄa. There is another song which presents information about capture of Toplica's father and how three heroes who attacked Petrovaradin in attempt to release him were also captured by General VuÄa.[8]
Historical background
There are different opinions what historical person VuÄa is based upon. According to Andra Gavrilović the figure of General VuÄa is based on Tanush Dukagjin, a member of Dukagjini noble family from Albania.[9][10]
There was an opinion that VuÄa was based on Eugene of Savoy while some other theories say that he is based on the Petar Doci also referred to as Auci in Erlangen Manuscript.[11] Since Eugene of Savoy did not have a son according to some interpretations Velimir, who was referred in the song as VuÄa's son, was probably some of Eugene's subordinated officers.[12]
Citations
- ↑ Bowra, Cecil Maurice (1961). Heroic poetry. Macmillan.
So Marko Kralevic and General Vuka begins with a scene of revel in the castle of a Turk who has captured three Serb warriors
- ↑ Matica srpska (1964). "Порекло пеÑме "Марко Краљевић и Вуча Ðенерал"" [The origin of the song "Marko Kraljević and VuÄa General"]. Zbornik Matice srpske za književnost i jezik. 12-14: 71.
Ту пеÑму је Вук запиÑао од Подруговића, за кога Ñа Ñигурношћу можемо рећи да је неке Ñвоје пеÑме научио тек у Срему
- ↑ Stanoje Stanojević, Dušan J. Popović (1937). "Sitni prilozi". Glasnik 10: 213.
...којима он има главну улогу, најтајанÑтвенија је Вуча џенерал и Ñин му Велимир.
- ↑ Stanoje Stanojević, Dušan J. Popović (1937). "Sitni prilozi". Glasnik 10: 213.
Да Ñу и они туђинци као што Ñу оÑтали главни противници његови (Ðлил-ага, Филип Маџарин, МуÑа КеÑеџија, Ђемо Брђанин и др.), види Ñе одмах.
- ↑ Skendi, Stavro (1954). Albanian and South Slavic oral epic poetry. Kraus Reprint. p. 43.
Marko has opponents of unusual strength, such as General Vuca, Filip Madzarin, Djemo Brdjanin, and the impersonal Arab and Turk. The adversaries of the hero of Kruja in the traditional poems are Ballaban Pasha and Alibeg, but also the
- ↑ Dorson, Richard M. (1982). Folklore and Folklife: An Introduction. University of Chicago Press. p. 103.
He alone overcomes General Vuca's son and his army of three hundred horsemen and General Vuca himself together
- ↑ Beissinger, Margaret H. (1999). Epic Traditions in the Contemporary World: The Poetics of Community. University of California Press. p. 82.
Examples of the "jailor's daughter" type of female helper from the Vuk collection include Vuca's wife in "Marko Kraljevic and General Vuca" (who, upon the hero Marko's request, takes "the keys of the dungeon" and releases three heroes
- ↑ Äurić, Vojislav (1954), "Uz pojedine pesme u ovoj knjizi", Antologija narodnih junaÄkih pesama (in Serbian), Belgrade: Srpska Književna Zadruga, p. 926, OCLC 25260399,
Поводом Ñтиха и пуÑти ми Ñтарога Топлицу Вук каже: „У другој пјеÑми, која је управокао почетак овој, пјева Ñе да је отац Топлице Милана био отприје затворен у Варадину,па Ñу ова тројица били отишли да га отму, те и њих (пошто Ñу разбили капију и ушли у град) некако ухватио Вуча џенерал“.
- ↑ Stanoje Stanojević, Dušan J. Popović (1937). "Sitni prilozi". Glasnik 10: 213.
Спомињемо, по дужноÑти, раније још нагађање Ð. Гавриловића у чланку ИÑторијÑка Ñе- ћања у неким нар. пеÑмама о Краље- вићу Марку (Ð“Ð»Ð°Ñ Ð¡ÐšÐк. 1*\Ш1), по коме је: „Вуча џенерал ТануÑије (Та- нуш), родоначелник Дукађина, којиÑе зове још и Вуно и Вуко...
- ↑ Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti (1900). Glas. 58-60: 134.
Идући у миÑлима тим правцем, ÑуÑрећемо Ñе Ñ Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ñ‡ÐµÐ»Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Дукађина, познатим нам већ Тану- Ñијем, који Ñе зове још и Вуно или Вуко1 и који је у Задрим.ьу био западни ÑуÑед Вукашннова Призрена. Овај Латинин Вуко
Missing or empty|title=
(help) - ↑ Matica srpska (1966). "Порекло пеÑме "Марко Краљевић и Вуча Ðенерал"" [The origin of the song "Marko Kraljević and VuÄa General"]. Zbornik Matice srpske za književnost i jezik. 14-15: 71.
као неко Ñредиште епÑког певања, код пеÑме о Вучи био је Ñкоро на прагу таквих миÑли кад је изноÑио, у Ñвојим Тумачењима,11 оне доÑта натегнуте претпоÑтавке о пореклу имена Велимир и Вуча (Вуча од Евгеније, тј. СавојÑки). Ðко биÑмо баш хтели да тражимо порекло Вучиног имена, требало би га ипак, због Вараднна, тражити у имену Петра Доци, кога народна пеÑма зове и Ðуци: бр. 178 у ЕрлангенÑком зборнику.
- ↑ Kostić, Dragutin (1937), TumaÄenja druge knjige srpskih narodnih pjesama Vuka St. KaradžiÄa [Interpretations of the second volume of Songs of Serbian People collected by Vuk Karadžić] (in Serbian), Belgrade: Državna Å tamparija, p. 65, OCLC 632218960,
Велимир: тобоже Ñин Вучин; у вези Ñ Ð•Ð²Ð³ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ˜ÐµÐ¼-Вучом биће и ово лично име добивено поÑрбљавањем какве титуле војничке, Ñлично Обору капетану (Ð’. VII, бр. 12) или Мушкети капетану (Ð’. VII, бр. 18) Velimir, who was allegedly son of Vuca; in connection with Eugene-Vuca this personal name is result of serbianization of some officers' rank, similar to Obor captain (V. VII, num. 12) or MuÅ¡keta captain (V. VII, num. 18)
External links
![]() |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |