G418

G418
Names
IUPAC name
(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-Amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-5-methyl-4-methylaminooxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy- 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
Other names
Geneticin
O-2-Amino-2,7-didesoxy-D-glycero-α-D-gluco-heptopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-(3-desoxy-4-C-methyl-3-(methylamino)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl- (1→6))-D-streptamin
Identifiers
49863-47-0 N
ChEMBL ChEMBL215226 N
ChemSpider 21106441 YesY
DrugBank DB04263 YesY
Jmol interactive 3D Image
PubChem 123865
Properties
C20H40N4O10
Molar mass 496.56 g·mol−1
50 mg/mL
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

G418 (Geneticin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic similar in structure to gentamicin B1. It is produced by Micromonospora rhodorangea.[1] G418 blocks polypeptide synthesis by inhibiting the elongation step in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.[1] Resistance to G418 is conferred by the neo gene from Tn5 encoding an aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase, APT 3' II.[1] G418 is commonly used in laboratory research to select genetically engineered cells (typically using the KanMX selectable marker).[2] In general for bacteria and algae concentrations of 5 μg/L or less are used, for mammalian cells concentrations of approximately 400 μg/L are used for selection and 200 μg/L for maintenance. However, optimal concentration for resistant clones selection in mammalian cells depends on the cell line used as well as on the plasmid carrying the resistance gene, therefore antibiotic titration should be done to find the best condition for every experimental system. Titration should be done using antibiotic concentrations ranging from 100 μg/L up to 1400 μg/L. Resistant clones selection could require from 1 to up to 3 weeks.

G418 impurity profile

G418 is produced by fermentation and isolation processes and the G418 producing strain Micromonospora rhodorangea produces many other gentamycins while producing G418. The common impurities of G418 include gentamycin X2, gentamicin A, gentamycin C1, C2, C1a and C2a.[3] The quality of G418 is not based on just the potency, but more on the selectivity defined by the killing curve of the sensitive cells vs the resistant cells. A good G418 product has the lowest LD50 for sensitive cells (such as NIH 3T3) and the highest LD50 (can be up to 5,000 μg/ml) for resistant cells (NIH 3T3 transfected with resistant genes). Gentamycins have almost no selectivity, except gentamycin X2.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "G418". InvivoGen. InvivoGen. Retrieved 18 June 2013.
  2. ↑ "G418". labome.com. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
  3. ↑ G418 impurity profile
  4. ↑ G418 selectivity
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