George Shuckburgh-Evelyn

Sir George Augustus William Shuckburgh-Evelyn, 6th Baronet (23 August 1751 – 11 August 1804) was an English politician, mathematician and astronomer.^[1]

Life

George Shuckburgh was born on 23 August 1751, the son of Richard Shuckburgh of Limerick. He was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford, from which he earned a bachelor's degree in 1772.^[1]

He became a baronet in 1773, on the death of his uncle, and (after returning from his postgraduate travels to Europe) moved to Shuckburgh Hall, the family estate in Shuckburgh, Warwickshire. He served in the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1780 until his death in 1804.^[1]

In 1782, he was married to Sarah Johanna Darker. His second marriage on 6 October 1785 was to Julia Annabella Evelyn, the daughter of James Evelyn of Felbridge; when his father-in-law died in 1793, Shuckburgh added Evelyn to his own surname.^[2] Their daughter, Julia Evelyn Medley Shuckburgh, married Charles Jenkinson, 3rd Earl of Liverpool.^[1]

Shuckburgh died on 11 August 1804 in Shuckburgh, Warwickshire.^[1]

Scientific contributions

He made a series of astronomical observations and an ephemeris, which he published in twelve volumes between 1774 and 1797. In 1791 the Shuckburgh telescope was installed at his private observatory in Warwickshire, England.^[3][4] Included among his observations were measurements of lunar surface features. The crater Shuckburgh on the Moon is named after him.

Shuckburgh also contributed to metrology. He performed a series of observations on the change in the boiling point of water at different pressures, and pointed out the need for controlling for this effect when calibrating thermometers.^[5] The Shuckburgh scale was a standard brass yard constructed for him by Edward Troughton, whose company later made the Victorian standard yard of 1855; the Shuckburgh scale was used by George Biddell Airy in his measurements of the earth's shape, and in setting standards for many years by the British government.^[6][7]

In statistics, Shuckburgh was a pioneer in the collation of price indexes.^[8]

He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1774.^[1] In 1798, he was co-winner of the Copley Medal, the highest award of the Society.^[9]

References

1.  "Shuckburgh-Evelyn, George Augustus William". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
2. Deed Poll Office: Private Act of Parliament 1794 (34 Geo. 3). c. 45
3. McConnell, Anita (2007). "Sir George Shuckburgh's Observatory". Jesse Ramsden (1735-1800): London's Leading Scientific Instrument Maker. Science, technology, and culture, 1700-1945. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 135–137. ISBN 9780754661368.
4. Hingley, Peter D. (2013). "The Shuckburghs of Shuckburgh, Isaac Fletcher, and the History of the English Mounting". The Antiquarian Astronomer (Society for the History of Astronomy) 7: 17–40. Bibcode:2013AntAs...7...17H. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
5. Pearn, John (2012). "Sir George Shuckburgh Evelyn (1751–1804): precision in thermometry". Journal of Medical Biography 20 (1): 42–46. doi:10.1258/jmb.2011.011005.
6. Zupko, Ronald Edward (1990). Revolution in Measurement: Western European Weights and Measures Since the Age of Science. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 186. American Philosophical Society. p. 75. ISBN 9780871691866..
7. Pfeifer, Ludvik (2001). "The Shuckburgh scale". Survey Review 36 (280): 101–109. doi:10.1179/003962601791483623.
8. Kendall, M. G. (1969). "Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics, XXI. The Early History of Index Numbers". Revue de l'Institut International de Statistique / Review of the International Statistical Institute 37 (1): 1–12. JSTOR 1402090.
9. Hudson, James, ed. (1834). Report on the adjudication of the Copley, Rumford, and royal medals: and appointment of the Bakerian, Croonian, and Fairchild lectures. R. Taylor for the Royal Society. p. 18.