Geraint of Dumnonia
Geraint /ˈɡɛraɪnt/ (known in Latin as Gerontius) (died 710) was a King of Dumnonia who ruled in the early 8th century. During his reign, it is believed that Dumnonia came repeatedly into conflict with neighbouring Anglo-Saxon Wessex. Geraint was the last recorded king of a unified Dumnonia, and was called King of the Welsh by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Subsequent kings of Dumnonia (for example Donyarth and possibly Huwal) reigned over a reducing area that eventually encompassed only the present day Cornwall.[1]
A long and rather acrimonious letter survives addressed to him from Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne on the Easter Problem and the shape of the tonsure. It is clear from this letter that in the later 7th century the Britons in Cornwall and Devon still observed Easter on the dates that the British church had calculated, at variance with Roman Catholic practice. Geraint ultimately agreed with Aldhelm to comply with Roman practice on these points. According to John of Worcester, Geraint was killed after a series of battles that culminated in a victory of the West Saxons under Ine of Wessex in 710. It was probably around this time that Devon was conquered by the West Saxons. After Geraint's death, however, Ine was unable to establish his authority over neighbouring Cornwall; in 722, according to the Annales Cambriae, the Cornish won the Battle of Hehil, probably against Wessex.
Derek Bryce, following other scholars, suggests Geraint of Dumnonia be identified as the real warrior eulogized for his deeds at the Battle of Llongborth in the poem "Geraint son of Erbin"[2][3] (10th–11th century, traditionally ascribed to Llywarch Hen), although its title names an earlier, 5th-century Geraint of dubious historicity. Bryce identifies Llongborth with the 710 battle between Geraint and Ine, and suggests Langport in Somerset as the location of the battle,[2] though no settlement is known there until 880.[3] Another interpretation is that the Battle of Llongborth is a different spelling of the Battle of Longecoleth (see P-Celtic for p/b and c/g correspondences in Celtic languages), which is also dated to 710. The latter took place in the more northerly Kingdom of Strathclyde (also called Damnonia after the Damnonii tribe of the area in Romano-British times, and easily confused with Dumnonia/Devon). Strathclyde had rulers named Geraint and Erbin (or Elfin) in the same era.[3]
A King Geraint is the folk patron saint of Gerrans, near Falmouth, with a feast day of 10 August. It is uncertain whether this figure represents this historical Geraint of 7th–8th centuries, the 5th century legendary figure, or some other Geraint.
References
- ↑ Philip Payton. (1996). Cornwall. Fowey: Alexander Associates
- 1 2 Skene, W. F. (1988). Bryce, Derek, ed. Arthur and the Britons in Wales and Scotland (ill. ed.). Lampeter, Wales: Llanerch Press. ISBN 978-0947992231.
- 1 2 3 Mackay, Ian (1999–2006). "Geraint, Son of Erbin". History of Drumchapel.