Gholamreza Pahlavi

Gholam Reza Pahlavi
Born (1923-05-15) 15 May 1923
Tehran
Spouse Homa Aalam (m. 1947–d. 1956)
Manijeh Jahanbani (m. 1962)
Issue Princess Mehrnaz
Prince Bahman
Prince Azardokht
Princess Maryam
Prince Bahram
House Pahlavi dynasty
Father Rezā Shāh
Mother Turan Amir Soleimani

Shahpur Gholamreza Pahlavi (Persian: غلامرضا پهلوی ) (born 15 May 1923) is the son of Rezā Shāh and half-brother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He is a member of the Pahlavi dynasty. Following the death of his half-sister Ashraf Pahlavi on 7 January 2016,[1] Gholamreza became the only living child of Reza Pahlavi. He is now settled in Paris with his family.

Early life and education

Pahlavi was born on 15 May 1923.[2] He is the fifth child and third son of Reza Shah, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty in Iran.[3][4] His mother, Turan (Qamar al Molouk) Amir Soleimani, was related to the ancient Qajar dynasty deposed in 1925 in favor of Reza Shah.[5] More specifically, she was the daughter of a Qajar dignitary, Issa Majd al Saltaneh.[6][7][8] She was also the granddaughter of Mehdi Qoli Majde Dowleh, Naser al Din Shah's maternal uncle.[8] Gholamreza's parents were married in 1922 and divorced shortly after his birth in 1923.[4][6]

He received primary education in Iran and then went to Switzerland for secondary education.[4] In 1936, he returned to Iran and attended the military school.[4] He accompanied his father, Reza Shah, in his exile in Mauritius when he was forced to abdicate in September 1941.[4][9] In the aftermath of Reza Shah's abdication, the British and Russian envoys attempted to put Gholamreza on the throne bypassing then Crown Prince Mohammad Reza when their efforts to end the Pahlavi dynasty and then to reinstate the Qajar dynasty failed.[10] It, however, also did not work.[10]

Gholamreza graduated from Princeton University.[9] Upon returning to Iran, he attended military officers' training college and graduated as a brigadier general.[4]

Career and activities

Pahlavi began his career in the Iran's armed forces.[11] He served as inspector general of the armed forces.[12][13] After holding different positions in the army he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in 1973.[11]

In 1955, he became a member of the International Olympic Committee.[14] He also served as president of the Iranian National Olympic Committee.[15] He was a member of the Royal Council which ruled Iran during the international visits of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.[16]

Between 5 and 13 December 1973 he and his wife officially visited China just before the first Iranian ambassador, Abbas Aram, began to serve in the country.[17] Pahlavi, as the president of the Iranian national olympic committee, supported China's objection of Taiwan's participation in the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.[18] However, he was not very active in domestic political life.[19]

During the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, he owned lands in Iran and was the holder of large shares in six firms.[20]

Personal life and later years

Iranian Imperial Family

HIM Empress Farah

HIH Prince Gholam Reza

  • HIH Prince Bahram
    HIH Princess Iman
  • HIH Prince Bahman
    HIH Princess Shohreh
    • HIH Princess Nazbanoo
  • HIH Princess Maryam
  • HIH Princess Azardokht
  • HIH Prince Patrick Ali
    HIH Princess Sounia Maryam
    • HIH Prince Davoud
      • HIH Princess Solvène
    • HIH Prince Houd
    • HIH Prince Muhammad Yunes

Pahlavi first married Homa Aalam on 4 April 1947 in Tehran.[2] They had a daughter, Mehrnaz (born 4 February 1949), and a son, Bahman (born 30 January 1950).[2] They divorced in 1956 and he married to Manijeh Jahanbani in Tehran on 6 March 1962.[2] Jahanbani is a Qajar princess.[8] They have two daughters and a son.[3]

Pahlavi left Iran before the 1979 revolution together with other relatives.[20] He settled in Paris. In the immediate aftermath of the revolution, Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali, a religious judge and then chairman of the Revolutionary Court, informed the press that the death sentence was passed on the members of the Pahlavi family, including Gholam Reza, and former Shah officials.[21]

Book

Pahlavi published a book, Mon père, mon frère, les Shahs d'Iran, in 2005, dealing with both his experience and thoughts about the future of Iran.[22] The book was published in French and Persian.

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

References

  1. ↑ Liam Stack (8 January 2016). "Ashraf Pahlavi, Sister of Iran’s Last Shah, Defender and Diplomat, Dies at 96". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Iran Pahlavi Dynasty". İran. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  3. 1 2 "The Imperial Regime was not a model of Democracy but?". Rozaneh Magazine. November–December 2005. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Gholamali Haddad Adel, Mohammad Jafar Elmi, Hassan Taromi-Rad, eds. (1 October 2012). Pahlavi Dynasty: An Entry from Encyclopaedia of the World of Islam. MIU Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-1-908433-01-5. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  5. ↑ Cyrus Ghani (6 January 2001). Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power. I.B.Tauris. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-86064-629-4. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
  6. 1 2 "Reza Shah Pahlavi". Iran Chamber Society. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  7. ↑ Mehdi Jangravi. "Reza Shah's Wives". Institute for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  8. 1 2 3 "The Qajars (Kadjars) and the Pahlavis". Qajar Pages. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  9. 1 2 Mohammad Gholi Majd (25 September 2001). Great Britain and Reza Shah: The Plunder of Iran, 1921-1941. University Press of Florida. p. 320. ISBN 978-0-8130-2111-9. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  10. 1 2 Fariborz Mokhtari (Spring 2005). "No One will Scratch My Back: Iranian Security Perceptions in Historical Context" (PDF). The Middle East Journal 59 (2). Retrieved 19 August 2013.
  11. 1 2 3 "The Pahlavi Dynasty". Royal Ark. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  12. ↑ "Prince Gholam Reza Pahlavi". Foundation for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  13. ↑ Edgar Burke Inlow (1 January 1979). Shahanshah: The Study of Monarchy of Iran. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 91. ISBN 978-81-208-2292-4. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  14. ↑ "The Olympic Games" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. Lausanne. 1962. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
  15. ↑ "Address by H.I.H. Prince Gholam Reza Pahlavi" (PDF). LA 84 Foundation. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
  16. ↑ "Developments of the Quarter: Comment and Chronology" (PDF). Middle East Journal 4 (1): 83–93. January 1950. Retrieved 16 February 2015. – via JSTOR (subscription required)
  17. ↑ John W. Garver (1 July 2006). China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-Imperial World. University of Washington Press. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-295-80121-6. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  18. ↑ "IOC put off decision on China issue". New Straits Times. 25 May 1975. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  19. ↑ Ali Akbar Dareini (1 January 1999). The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 123. ISBN 978-81-208-1642-8. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  20. 1 2 "105 Iranian firms said controlled by royal family". The Leader Post (Tehran). AP. 22 January 1979. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  21. ↑ "No Safe Haven: Iran's Global Assassination Campaign". Iran Human Rights Documentation Center. 2008. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
  22. ↑ "Gholam Reza Pahlavi's book". Amazon. Retrieved 31 October 2012.

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