Gilbert W. Lindsay

Gilbert William Lindsay
Los Angeles City Council
In office
1962–1990
Preceded by Edward Roybal
Succeeded by Rita Walters
Personal details
Born November 29, 1900
Mississippi, USA
Died December 28, 1990
Los Angeles
Height 150 px
Spouse(s) Theresa Lindsay

Gilbert W. Lindsay (1900–1990), also known as Gil Lindsay, was a Los Angeles, California, politician who worked his way up from City Hall janitor to become the city's first black City Council member and one of its most powerful elected officials. He helped fashion downtown Los Angeles into a major metropolitan center but was accused of turning his back on the people in his district who elected him to 27 years on the city's governing body (1963–1990).

Biography

Gilbert William[1][2] Lindsay, an African-American, was born on November 29, 1900, in Mississippi, where he worked in the cotton fields as a youth. He left Mississippi as a teenager and enrolled in a school in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He then moved to Arizona, where he joined the Army and served in the 10th Cavalry and the 25th Infantry. As part of an Army program, he studied business administration at the University of Arizona. He moved to Los Angeles in 1923 or 1924 and became a City Hall janitor with the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. He took a civil service exam for a clerkship, and he was given a basement office because, he said, his superiors did not want him to sit with whites. He took classes in governmental administration and political science at the University of Southern California and in business administration at UCLA during the 25 years he worked for the department.[3][4]

About his years as a janitor, the Los Angeles Times quoted him as saying, "I used to scrub toilets for the city of Los Angeles with a mop—that was my job. . . I had the lowest job you can give a human being."[3] but the Los Angeles Sentinel, a black-oriented newspaper, cited C.A. (Bob) Barker, a Los Angeles businessman, as saying, "He was a helluva janitor! That was an important job for Negroes at that time. He gave the janitor's job the same respect he gave the council position. Whatever Gil was doing was very important to him."[4]

He was known as being a short man, standing five feet, three inches tall.[4]

Lindsay's wife, Theresa, was from Greenville, Texas. It was said that Lindsay "began to decline mentally and physically" after Theresa died in 1984; they had been married 49 years. He had a son, Melvin; a daughter, Sylvia Thornton, a stepson, Herbert Howard,[4] and an adopted daughter, Christina Willoughby.[5]

Illness and death

Lindsay suffered a stroke in 1989 that reduced him simply to being the "titular leader" of the 9th District, with much of the real power in the hands of Bob Gay, his chief assistant, the Downtown News reported. "On the Council floor, he has had moments of confusion, and been both humored and manipulated by the other councilmembers. Those who deal with him say that he has moments of tremendous clarity, but that he is largely removed from the day-to-day workings of the office." Lindsay had lost "some control of his hands and has had trouble writing."[6] City Council President John Ferraro said that Lindsay had "deteriorated to the point where he was incapable of doing his job."[7] Lindsay was sent to a hospital again when, in the midst of the excitement occasioned by a planned visit to City Hall by South African anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela, he forgot to take his diabetes medicine and collapsed.[6]

He was brought to a hospital in Inglewood, California, where he remained until his fellow City Council members talked about removing him from his Council seat because he had been outside the Los Angeles city limits for more than 90 days. He was then transferred to "another facility within Los Angeles to make him less vulnerable to efforts to unseat him."[3]

By then in his 28th year as a City Council member, Lindsay died in a Hollywood hospital December 28, 1990, "as a result of a long illness which began with a severe stroke in early September that left him paralyzed on the right side and unable to speak and, at the end, was complicated by a heart attack." A funeral service was held at Victory Baptist Church, and he was buried in Evergreen Cemetery. Lindsay was a member of People's Baptist Church.[4][5]

Public service

Lindsay became involved in Democratic and labor politics and became so influential that his bosses in Water and Power "called on him to turn out the black vote on various bond issues." He was on the board of directors of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People from 1953 to 1958 and was also an NAACP vice president. He was tapped by City Council candidate Kenneth Hahn as his aide to turn out the Negro vote. Hahn won and when he later became a county supervisor he appointed Lindsay as a field deputy, a job that Lindsay held for ten years, until 1963.[3][4]

City Council

Appointment and elections

See also List of Los Angeles municipal election returns, 1963 and after.

Lindsay became Los Angeles's first black council member at the age of 62 when, with the backing of the political Hahn brothers—Gordon and Kenneth—he was appointed to a vacant 9th District Council seat in January 1963 after Ed Roybal won election to Congress. He won election in his own right later in the year and was reelected to eight successive terms.[3] As the years passed, he proclaimed himself the "Emperor of the Great 9th District."[5] Lindsay's term of 27 years was surpassed only by those of John S. Gibson, Jr. (30 years), Marvin Braude, 31 years, Ernani Bernardi (32 years) and John Ferraro (35 years).

Positions

Developers. Over the years, Lindsay attracted criticism "that he was too cozy with big developers, that he favored Downtown Los Angeles and neglected the neighborhoods."[5] He was often criticized for supporting Downtown "at the expense of the southern portion of his district."[6] But City News Service writer Cathy Franklin said of him: "During his nearly three decades in office, the downtown area exploded into one of the premier business centers of the world." [4]

Blue lights. Lindsay clashed "in a bitter personal exchange" with Councilman Ernani Bernardi when the latter introduced a resolution aimed at removing the blue lights that Lindsay had had installed on the rear of his city automobile. Lindsay later agreed to remove the lights but said: "The thing that disturbs me is that my colleagues equivocate over frivolous motions that amount to nothing. They gag at a gnat and swallow a camel."[8][9]

Morals. The 9th District councilman opined that San Fernando Valley communities would "not be having problems with topless-bottomless bars if moral levels matched those" of his Downtown Los Angeles and South L.A. district. "We have clean-minded people and a clean district," he said. "All this junk is out there where the affluent aristocrats, the holier-than-thou people live."[10]

Council members. Interviewed by Los Angeles Times reporter Janet Clayton for an article about relationships among City Council members, Lindsay noted in 1984 that "All the council members get along fine when they need a vote. Otherwise, they can't stand each other, or I should say, don't genuinely like each other. They each have their own agenda, you know." He said he has a "simple formula" for deciding issues: "When I give my word on a vote, I haven't reneged, least not more than a half dozen times in 20 years. I vote my district, then my friends, and, what's good for me."[11]

Skid Row. The Times noted that Lindsay, "whose district includes Skid Row, has always favored upscale commercial and residential development in the area, the last big undeveloped stretch of downtown Los Angeles."[12] In 1987 the councilman, along with a group of business owners objected to putting more residential and treatment centers in Skid Row on the grounds they were "drawing the homeless, including the mentally ill" to an area that had "great potential for commercial growth."[13]

Afterword

In April 1992, a Superior Court jury ruled that Juanda Chauncie, Lindsay's 40-year-old girlfriend, had taken advantage of the councilman to gain control of his money and property. The five-woman, seven-man panel ruled that Chauncie had used undue influence over him and awarded $235,000 to Lindsay's stepson and estate.[14] Attorney Johnnie Cochran's firm represented the estate.

Legacy

Plaque honoring Lindsay at Bunker Hill Towers

References

Access to some Los Angeles Times links may require the use of a library card.

  1. ↑ Los Angeles Public Library reference file
  2. ↑ Lee Ivory, "Happy 78th Birthday to Councilman Gilbert Lindsay," Los Angeles Sentinel, November 30, 1978, page A-3
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Janet Clayton and Tracy Wilkinson, "Gilbert Lindsay, 1st L.A. Black Councilman, Dies," Los Angeles Times, December 29, 1990
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 A.S. Doc Young, "Los Angeles Mourns 'Emperor of Great Ninth,' " Los Angeles Sentinel, January 3-10, 1991, page 1
  5. 1 2 3 4 Scott Harris, "Lindsay Praised Fondly at Burial," Los Angeles Times, January 5, 1991
  6. 1 2 3 Steven Wolf, "Waiting in the Wings," Downtown News, July 23, 1990, page 1
  7. ↑ Steven Wolf, "How the 'Emperor' Lost His Shirt," Downtown News, April 13, 1992, page 1
  8. ↑ Paul Beck, "Sparks Fly Over Blue Lights on Council Cars," Los Angeles Times, August 4, 1965, page A-1
  9. ↑ "Councilman Gives Up Blue Lights on Auto," Los Angeles Times, September 4, 1965, page 12
  10. ↑ " 'Aristocratic' Morals of Valley Challenged," Los Angeles Times, September 28, 1970, page SF-7
  11. ↑ Janet Clayton, "Diverse, Powerful Councilmen Firmly Grip District 'Fiefdoms,' " Los Angeles Times, January 9, 1984, page C-1
  12. ↑ Bill Boyarsky, "City's Commitment to Skid Row Housing Falters," Los Angeles Times, July 21, 1987, page C-1
  13. ↑ Bill Boyarsky, "Skid Row Businesses Battle County, Mayor Over Shelter for Mentally Ill," Los Angeles Times, September 21, 1987
  14. ↑ Penelope McMillan, "Girlfriend Took Advantage of Lindsay, Jury Rules," Los Angeles Times, April 16, 1992
  15. ↑ "Forensic Science Aids Healthcare Services in Fight Against Child Abuse." Cal State news release, October 9, 2008
  16. ↑ Larry Gordon, "Monument in the Image of 'the Emperor,' " Los Angeles Times, March 31, 1995
  17. ↑ Wikimapia
  18. ↑ Steve Harvey, "Only in L.A.," Los Angeles Times, February 18, 1993, page 2
  19. ↑ Dedication page

Additional reading

Preceded by
Edward R. Roybal		 Los Angeles City Council
9th District
1963–90 		Succeeded by
Rita Walters
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