Glafcos Clerides

Glafcos Clerides
4th President of Cyprus
In office 28 February 1993 – 28 February 2003
Preceded by	George Vasiliou
Succeeded by	Tassos Papadopoulos
In office 23 July 1974 – 7 December 1974
Preceded by	Nikos Sampson (acting)
Succeeded by	Archbishop Makarios III
1st President of the House of Representatives
In office 1960–1976
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	Tassos Papadopoulos
1st President of DISY
In office 1976–1993
Succeeded by	Yiannakis Matsis
Personal details
Born	24 April 1919 Nicosia, Cyprus
Died	15 November 2013 (aged 94) Nicosia, Cyprus
Nationality	Cypriot
Political party	Eniaion Party (1969-1976) Democratic Rally (from 1976)
Spouse(s)	Eirini Kliridou (died 6 June 2007)
Alma mater	King's College London
Religion	Greek Orthodox Church
Signature

Glafcos Ioannou Clerides (Greek: Γλαύκος Ιωάννου Κληρίδης; [ɣlafˈkos ˈjoanu kleriˈðes]; 24 April 1919 – 15 November 2013) was a Greek-Cypriot politician and barrister who served as the fourth President of Cyprus from 1993 to 2003. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former President of Cyprus.

Personal life

Clerides was born and died in Nicosia. He was the eldest son of the lawyer and statesman Ioannis Clerides. Clerides was married to Bombay-born Indian Jew Lilla Erulkar, daughter of Dr Abraham Erulkar, personal physician to Mahatma Gandhi, in London in September 1946.^[1] They have a daughter, Katherine (born 1949 in London), who is a member of the House of the Representatives for the Democratic Rally Party. ^[2] He died on 15 November 2013 at a hospital in Nicosia.^[3]

World War II

During World War II, he served in the British Royal Air Force. In 1942 his airplane was shot down over Germany and he was captured. He remained a prisoner of war until the end of the war.^[2] His name was mentioned in dispatches for distinguished services.

Post World War II

Following the war, he studied law at King's College London graduated in 1948 as a barrister through Gray's Inn, and later practiced law in Cyprus. He was a member of the EOKA organization that sought the liberation of Cyprus from British Rule and participated in the struggle under the pseudonym "Ypereides." During that period he defended numerous EOKA fighters arrested by the British. One of his most famous accomplishments was a preparation of a dossier that enumerated and provided evidence of instances of Human Rights violations by the Imperial administration of Cyprus and its agents.

Cypriot independence

Clerides participated in the 1959 London Conference on Cyprus and during the transitional period, from colonial administration to independence (1959–1960), he served as Minister of Justice. During the same period he was Head of the Greek Cypriot delegation in the Joint Constitutional Committee. In July 1960, he was elected to the House of Representatives which, in turn, elected him as its first President. He held this position until 22 July 1976. In the first presidential elections Clerides backed Makarios III, the other candidate being his father Ioannis Clerides, a move that created a permanent rift between Glafcos Clerides, his parents and his brother Xanthos.

Cyprus became independent in 1960, and Clerides gained political power as a member of the United Democratic Party. Following the 15 July 1974 coup d'état in which EOKA B, a Greek Cypriot pro-enosis paramilitary organisation, overthrew the democratically elected Makarios and installed Nikos Sampson as a President with dictatorial powers, Turkey invaded Cyprus. Eight days later, Sampson was forced to resign. On the same day, 23 July 1974, Clerides temporarily assumed the duties of the President of the Republic, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Constitution. He exercised these duties until the 7 December 1974, the day of the return of Archbishop Makarios, President of the Republic, who was forced to flee on 16 July 1974 on account of the coup. Both President Makarios and the House of Representatives thanked Glafcos Clerides publicly for the task he performed during that period. Critics, especially from EDEK refer to that period as the post-coup, implying that democracy was not fully restored until the return of Makarios. Clerides on the other hand has repeatedly condemned what he called "violence and counter violence" that led to the coup (i.e. the conflict between Grivas's EOKA-B and "efedriko", a special anti-terrorist police body formed to fight EOKA-B).

Glafcos Clerides headed the Greek-Cypriot delegation at the Geneva Negotiations from 8-14 August after the first Turkish invasion of Cyprus of July 20th 1974 which resulted to the loss of 3% of the Cypriot territory to Turkey. At the negotiations his refusal to accept the creation of a Cantonal System in Cyprus as suggested by the Turks led to the second Turkish operation, 14-16 August 2016, which led to the division of Cyprus along ethnic lines 37% of the territory coming under Turkish occupation.

Post independence

From 1961 to 1963 he held the position of President of the Cyprus Red Cross. In recognition of his outstanding services he was awarded a Certificate of Honour and Life Membership in recognition of distinguished services to the Red Cross.

In 1976 he founded the right wing Democratic Rally (Demokratikos Synagermos). He was a candidate for the presidency of Cyprus six times and elected to two five-year terms, in 1993 and in 1998. In 1998 his main opponent was Georgios Iakovou. He was defeated in the 2003 presidential election by Tassos Papadopoulos.

He was the author of the autobiographical overtoned depiction of 20th century Cypriot history, My Deposition, in four volumes. Glafcos Clerides is an Honorary Member of The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation

Presidency of Cyprus

During his presidency (1993–2003)^[2] Cyprus prospered significantly. Its stabilised economy made Cyprus the wealthiest of the ten inductees to the European Union in 2004. The Clerides administration is heavily credited with the ascension to the European Union. Clerides, with his Churchillian persona, was respected by world leaders at the time of his presidency, and was locally a respected leader because of his accomplishments. He lost some of this popularity due to his strong support of Annan Plan for the unification of Cyprus. While 65% of the Turkish Cypriot community voted in favor of the plan in a referendum, the Greek Cypriot community rejected it by over 75% of the popular vote.

References

1. http://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?gl=UK_BMD&gss=sfs28_ms_f-335&new=1&rank=1&msT=1&gsfn_x=NN&gsln=Erulkar&gsln_x=NN&msgdy=1946&mssng1=Glafcos&mssns1=Clerides&MSAV=1&uidh=ql8
2. "Profile: Glafcos Clerides", BBC News, 2003-01-03
3. "Glafcos Clerides: Man who steered Cyprus into EU dies", BBC News, 2013-11-15, retrieved 2013-11-15

External links

• Biography (Greek)