Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) is a global study conducted by a consortium of universities. Started in 1999, it aims to analyze the level of entrepreneurship occurring in a wide basket of countries (there were 70 in 2013's Report).[1]

It measures entrepreneurship through both surveys and interviews to field experts, conducted by the teams of each country. This report has achieved a significant role in the scientific research about Entrepreneurship, for it is a wide and diachronic source of data.

Contents

The main indicator used is called TEA (Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity), which assess the percent of working age population both about to start an entrepreneurial activity, and that have started one from a maximum of 3 years and half.[2]

GEM Data

The data[3] used for the GEM is collected from two large surveys, the Adult Population Survey (APS) and the National Expert Survey (NES). The APS surveys at least 2000 adults in each country covered by the GEM and covers the entrepreneurial aspirations of the country's population. The NES surveys a group of business and academic experts in each country with a broad range of specialties for concrete measures of country's institutional factors.

Each year, the GEM assembles the survey of 2000 adults and at least 36 experts from a country of interest[4] into an annual report. That report comes in a downloadable PDF format. In the 2014 report, 206,000 adults from around the world anonymously participated along with 3,936 national experts.[5] Each report published is different than the last but all annual reports include a section on the global perspective on entrepreneurship for the year.

The GEM Model

The GEM data is used to produce a larger model connecting a series of Entrepreneurial Framework Conditions (EFC) to the TEA, entrepreneurial aspirations, technical progress, GDP growth, and other macro economics variables. The EFCs reflect institutional factors with theoretic connections to entrepreneurship and are produced using data from the NES.

The original GEM model[6] was revised to reflect stages of development to generalize the model's explanation to all countries. The methodology in doing so was based on a paper by Michael E. Porter, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and John W. MacArthur[7] to reflect the differences in needed institutions at different points in a country's economic development.

References

  1. ↑ "GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor". GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.
  2. ↑ "Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data". springerlink.com.
  3. ↑ "GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor". GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.
  4. ↑ "Global Reports".
  5. ↑ "2014 GEM Report". The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  6. ↑ "GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor". GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor.
  7. ↑ http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2002/WorldEconomicForum_2001-2002_GlobalCompetitivenessReport2001-2002_ExecutiveSummary.pdf

External links

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