Lateral nasal click

Lateral nasal click
ǁ̃
ᵑǁ
ʖ̃
ᵑʖ
Encoding
Kirshenbaum	nl!

The lateral nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ǁ̃⟩ or ⟨ᵑǁ⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨ʖ̃⟩ or ⟨ᵑʖ⟩.

Features

Features of the lateral nasal click:

• The airstream mechanism is lingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by the glottis or the lungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneous pulmonic egressive airstream.

• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.

• It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.

Occurrence

Lateral nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages.

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning
ǃKung	nǁan	[ᵑǁàŋ] = [ʖ̃àŋ]	'marama bean'
!Xóõ	ǁnáã	[ᵑǁɑ́ɑ̃] = [ʖ̃ɑ́ɑ̃]	'grewia berry'
Hadza	konxa	[koᵑǁa] = [koʖ̃a]	'to be a pair'
Zulu	inxeba	[iᵑǁɛ́ːɓa] = [iʖ̃ɛ́ːɓa]	'wound'

Glottalized lateral nasal click

Glottalized lateral nasal click
ǁ̃ˀ
ᵑǁ͡ʔ ᵑ̊ǁˀ
ʖ̃͜ʔ
ᵑʖˀ

All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning
Hadza	slaxxa	[ɬaᵑǁˀa] = [ɬaʖ̃ˀa]	'a split'
Khoekhoe	tsoatsoaǁaposa	[tsȍàtsòȁᵑǁˀàpòsa̋] = [tsȍàtsòȁʖ̃ˀàpòsa̋]	'principled'
Xhosa	inkxumo	[iᵑǁˀumo] = [iʖ̃ˀumo]	'a support'

Notes