Goebbels Diaries

The Goebbels Diaries are a collection of writings by Joseph Goebbels, a leading member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) and the Reich Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda in Adolf Hitler's government from 1933 to 1945. The diaries, which have only recently been published in full in German and are available only in part in English, are a major source for the inner history of the Nazi Party and of its twelve years in power in Germany. The British historian Ian Kershaw wrote in the preface to his biography of Hitler: "For all the caution which must naturally be attached to Goebbels's regularly reported remarks by Hitler ... the immediacy as well as the frequency of the comments makes them a vitally important source of insight into Hitler's thinking and action.[1]"

History

Goebbels began to keep a diary in October 1923, shortly before his 27th birthday, while unemployed and living in his parents' home at Rheydt in the Ruhr region. He had been given a diary as a present by Else Janke, a young woman (of part-Jewish background) with whom he had a turbulent but eventually unsuccessful relationship, and most of his early entries were about her. His biographer Toby Thacker writes: "Writing a diary quickly became a kind of therapy for this troubled young man, and several historians have commented on how extraordinarily candid and revealing Goebbels was, particularly in his early years as a diarist."[2] From 1923 onwards he wrote his diary almost daily.

According to biographer Peter Longerich, Goebbels' diary entries from late 1923 to early 1924 reflected the writings of a man who was isolated, preoccupied by "religious-philosophical" issues, and lacked a sense of direction.[3] Diary entries of mid-December 1923 forward show Goebbels was moving towards the völkisch nationalist movement.[4] Goebbels first took an interest in Adolf Hitler and Nazism in March 1924.[5] In February 1924, Hitler's trial for treason had begun in the wake of his failed attempt to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, during 8–9 November 1923 (this failed coup became known as the Beer Hall Putsch).[6] The trial garnered Hitler much press and gave him a platform for propaganda.[7] After Goebbels first met Hitler in July 1925, however, the Nazi leader increasingly became the central figure in the diary. By July 1926 Goebbels was so enraptured by Hitler speaking on "racial issues", that he wrote: "It is impossible to reproduce what [Hitler] said. It must be experienced. He is a genius. The natural, creative instrument of a fate determined by God. I am deeply moved.".[8]

Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933 and appointed Goebbels Propaganda Minister. Goebbels then published an edited version of his diaries for the period of Hitler's rise to power in book form, under the title Vom Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei: Eine historische Darstellung in Tagebuchblattern (From the Kaiserhof to the Reich Chancellery). The Kaiserhof was a Berlin hotel where Hitler stayed before he came to power. Goebbels's book was later published in English as My Part in Germany's Fight. Although this book was propagandist in intent, it provides insight into the mentality of the Nazi leadership at the time of their accession to power.

By July 1941 the diaries had grown to fill twenty thick volumes, and Goebbels realised that they were too valuable a resource to risk their destruction in an air raid. He therefore moved them from his study in his Berlin home to the underground vaults of the Reichsbank in central Berlin.[9] From this time onwards, he no longer wrote the diaries by hand. Instead he dictated them to a stenographer, who later typed up corrected versions. He began each day's entry with a resume of the day's military and political news. Thacker notes: "Goebbels was already aware that his diary constituted a remarkable historical document, and entertained fond hopes of reworking it at some future stage for further publication, devoting hours to each day's entry."[10] The involvement of a stenographer, however, meant that the diaries were no longer entirely secret, and they became less frank about personal matters.

By November 1944 it was evident to Goebbels that Germany was going to lose the war. He wrote in his diary: "How distant and alien indeed this beautiful world appears. Inwardly I have already taken leave of it." Realising that he was unlikely to survive the fall of the Third Reich, he gave orders that his diaries were to be copied for safekeeping, using the new technique of microfilm (recently developed, in a strange coincidence, by Dr Joseph Goebel).[11] A special darkroom was created in Goebbels's apartment in central Berlin, and Goebbels's stenographer, Richard Otte, supervised the work.[12]

Goebbels made the last entry in his diary on 10 April 1945, less than a month before his death. The boxes of glass plates containing the microfilmed diaries were sent to Potsdam just west of Berlin, where they were buried. The original handwritten and typed diaries were packed and stored in the Reich Chancellery.[13] Some of these survived, and formed the basis for the publication of sections of the diaries (mainly from the war years) after the war. The boxes of glass plates at Potsdam were discovered by the Soviets and shipped to Moscow, where they sat unopened until they were discovered by the German historian Elke Fröhlich in 1992. Only then did the publication of the full diaries become possible.

Publications

In German

A 29-volume edition, spanning the years 1923–1945, was edited by Elke Fröhlich and others. It is said to be 98% complete. Beginning in 1993, the last volume was published in 2008. Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels was published on behalf of the Institut für Zeitgeschichte and with the support of the National Archives Service of Russia by K. G. Saur Verlag in Munich. Full information follows:

Volume Entry dates Editor(s) Year published
1/I October 1923 – November 1925 Elke Fröhlich 2004
1/II December 1925 – May 1928 Elke Fröhlich 2005
1/III June 1928 – November 1929 Anne Munding 2004
2/I December 1929 – May 1931 Anne Munding 2005
2/II June 1931 – September 1932 Angela Hermann 2004
2/III October 1932 – March 1934 Angela Hermann 2006
3/I April 1934 – February 1936 Angela Hermann
Hartmut Mehringer
Anne Munding
Jana Richter 		2005
3/II March 1936 – February 1937 Jana Richter 2001
4 March – November 1937 Elke Fröhlich 2000
5 December 1937 – July 1938 Elke Fröhlich 2000
6 August 1938 – June 1939 Jana Richter 1998
7 July 1939 – March 1940 Elke Fröhlich 1998
8 April – November 1940 Jana Richter 1997
9 December 1940 – July 1941 Elke Fröhlich 1997
Volume Entry dates Editor(s) Year published
1 July – September 1941 Elke Fröhlich 1996
2 October – December 1941 Elke Fröhlich 1996
3 January – March 1942 Elke Fröhlich 1995
4 April – June 1942 Elke Fröhlich 1995
5 July – September 1942 Angela Stüber 1995
6 October – December 1942 Hartmut Mehringer 1996
7 January – March 1943 Elke Fröhlich 1993
8 April – June 1943 Hartmut Mehringer 1993
9 July – September 1943 Manfred Kittel 1993
10 October – December 1943 Volker Dahm 1994
11 January – March 1944 Dieter Marc Schneider 1994
12 April – June 1944 Hartmut Mehringer 1995
13 July – September 1944 Jana Richter 1995
14 October – December 1944 Jana Richter
Hermann Graml 		1996
15 January – April 1945 Maximilian Gschaid 1995
Contents Editor(s) Year published
Geographical register. Register of persons Angela Hermann 2007
Introduction by Elke Fröhlich to the complete work. Subject index. 2 volumes. Florian Dierl, Ute Keck, Benjamin Obermüller, Annika Sommersberg and Ulla-Britta Vollhardt. Coordinated and brought together by Ulla-Britta Vollhardt. Composed by Angela Hermann. 2008

In English translation

References

  1. ↑ Kershaw 1998, p. xiii.
  2. ↑ Thacker 2010, p. 2.
  3. ↑ Longerich 2015, pp. 28, 33, 34.
  4. ↑ Longerich 2015, p. 33.
  5. ↑ Longerich 2015, p. 36.
  6. ↑ Kershaw 2008, pp. 127–131.
  7. ↑ Kershaw 2008, pp. 133-135.
  8. ↑ Fest 1970, p. 90.
  9. ↑ Thacker 2010, p. 231.
  10. ↑ Thacker 2010, p. 234.
  11. ↑ Stroebel & Zakia 1993, p. 482.
  12. ↑ Thacker 2010, p. 285.
  13. ↑ Thacker 2010, p. 295.
  14. ↑ Churcher 1983.

Sources

External links

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