Gold halide

Gold halides are compounds of gold with the halogens.

Monohalides

AuCl, AuBr, and AuI are all crystalline solids with a structure containing alternating linear chains: ..-X-Au-X-Au-X-Au-X-... The X-Au-X angle is less than 180°.[1]

The monomeric AuF molecule has been detected in the gas phase.[2]

Trihalides

The triiodide does not exist. AuCl3 readily forms out of the elements at temperatures below 254 °C. It is a volatile red solid. The volatile species is the dimer Au2Cl6.. Likewise, AuBr3 can be formed from the elements and exists primarily as the dimer Au2Br6.

Gold(III) fluoride, AuF3, has a unique polymeric helical structure, containing corner-sharing {AuF4} squares.

Pentahalides

Gold(V) fluoride, AuF5, is the only known example of gold in the +5 oxidation state. It most commonly occurs as the dimer Au2F10.

References

  1. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.
  2. ↑ D. Schröder, J. Hrušák, I. C. Tornieporth-Oetting, T. M. Klapötke and H. Schwarz (1994). "Neutral Gold(I) Fluoride Does Indeed Exist". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 33 (2): 212–214. doi:10.1002/anie.199402121.
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