Yasen-class submarine

K-329 Severodvinsk
Class overview
Name: Severodvinsk
Builders: SevMash , designer Malahit Lazurit Rubin
Operators:  Russian Navy
Preceded by: Akula class
Cost: Equivalent of US$1.6 billion[1]
Building: 4
Planned: 12[2][3] (7 on order)[4]
Completed: 2 (Severodvinsk)
Active: 1[5]
General characteristics
Displacement:
  • Surfaced: 7,700–8,600 tons
  • Submerged: 13,800 tons [6]
Length: 120 m (390 ft)[7]
Beam: 15 m (49 ft)[7]
Propulsion: 1 x KPM type pressurized water reactor
Speed:
  • Surfaced: 20 kn (37 km/h; 23 mph)
  • Submerged (silent): 28 kn (52 km/h; 32 mph)
  • Submerged (max): 35 kn (65 km/h; 40 mph)[8]
Range: unlimited except by food supplies
Test depth: 600 m (2,000 ft)
Complement: 90 (32 officers)
Sensors and
processing systems:		 Rim Hat ESM/ECM Snoop Pair Surface Search Radar
Armament:

The Severodvinsk-class submarine (Russian: Проект 885 "Ясень", "ash tree"; NATO reporting name: "Severodvinsk", also known erroneously as the Graney class) is the newest Russian nuclear-powered multipurpose attack submarine.[12][13][14] Based on the Akula-class submarine and the Alfa-class submarine it is projected to replace Russia's Soviet-era attack submarines, both Akula and Oscar-class submarine.

According to one of the U.S. Navy’s top submarine officers Rear Adm. Dave Johnson, Naval Sea Systems Command’s (NAVSEA) program executive officer (PEO) submarines, "We’ll be facing tough potential opponents. One only has to look at the Severodvinsk, Russia’s version of a [nuclear guided missile submarine] (SSGN). I am so impressed with this ship that I had Carderock build a model from unclassified data [so that he could look at it every day on his way to his office].”[15]

History

Severodvinsk-class submarines were designed by the Malakhit Central Design Bureau, formed by the combination of SKB-143 and TsKB-16, with work on the initial design scheduled for start in 1977 and completion in 1985.[16] Malakhit is one of the three Soviet/Russian submarine design centers, along with Rubin Design Bureau and Lazurit Central Design Bureau.

Construction on the first submarine started on 21 December 1993 with its launch slated for 1995 and commissioning for 1998.[17] However, the project was delayed due to financial problems and it appeared during 1996 that work on the submarine had stopped completely. Some reports suggested that as of 1999 the submarine was less than 10 percent completed.[18] In 2003 the project then received additional funding and the work of finishing the submarine continued.

In 2004 it was reported that the work on the submarine was moving forward, but due to the priority given to the new SSBN Dolgorukiy-class submarine, Severodvinsk, the lead unit of the Severodvinsk class would not be ready before 2010. In July 2006 the deputy chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission, Vladislav Putilin, stated that two Severodvinsk-class submarines were to join the Russian Navy before 2015.[19]

Acoustic stealth comparison

On 24 July 2009, work commenced on a second Severodvinsk submarine, named Kazan. On 26 July, the Russian navy command announced that starting in 2011, one multipurpose submarine would be laid down every year, although not necessarily of this class.[20]

An August 2009 report from the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence estimated the Severodvinsk-class submarines to be the quietest, or least detectable, of contemporaneous Russian and Chinese nuclear submarines but is still not as quiet as contemporary U.S. Navy submarines (i.e. Seawolf and Virginia classes).[21][22]

In April 2010 it was reported that the 7 May launch of the first boat had been postponed due to 'Technical Reasons'.[23][24]

The launch of the first ship of this class and the beginning of sea trials was reported in September 2011.[25]

Roll out ceremony of Russian submarine Severodvinsk.

K-329 Severodvinsk went on her first voyage in September 2011 in order to conduct sea trials.[26]

On 9 November 2011 Russia signed a contract for 4 Severodvinsk-class submarines to be delivered by 2016.[27]

On 26 July 2013 the third submarine, Novosibirsk, was laid down.

On 30 December 2013 the first submarine, Severodvinsk, was handed over to the Russian Navy. The flag-raising ceremony was held on 17 June 2014 marking its introduction into the Russian Navy.[28]

Costs

Initial estimates regarding the cost of the first Severodvinsk-class submarine ranged from US$1 billion[29] to US$2 billion.[30][31] In 2011, it was reported that the first-of-class (Severodvinsk) unit cost was 50 billion rubles (roughly US$1.6 billion)[32][33] while the second boat (Kazan) will cost an estimated 110 billion rubles (US$3.5 billion, in 2011 RUB/USD exchange rate).[34] This would make Kazan the most expensive SSN/SSGN in the world together with USS Jimmy Carter but not as expensive as the $4.8 billion French SSBN Triomphant class.[35] A single Severodvinsk-class submarine allegedly costs as much as two Dolgorukiy-class submarines.[36][37]

In 2011, (then) Defense Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov criticized the ever increasing cost of the Dolgorukiy- and Severodvinsk-class submarines. The Minister described the massive increase in cost between the first and the second Severodvinsk-class submarine as "incomprehensible". However, he insisted that the Ministry of Defence and Sevmash (builder) would resolve the issue. Officials from the United Shipbuilding Corporation replied that work done in Sevmash accounts to only 30% of the submarines completion cost, the remaining 70% being linked to suppliers/contractors.[38]

Due to the high cost of each submarines some sources believe that a new generation of SSNs would be of smaller dimensions[39][40] with a reduced armament/payload.[41] The Yasen class successor/supplement is in development[42] and dubbed Husky class by the media.[43][44][45]

Description

The vessel's design is claimed to be state-of-the-art. The Severodvinsk-class nuclear submarine is presumed to be armed with cruise missiles, land-attack cruise missile, antiship missiles, anti-submarine missiles types including the Oniks SLCM, Kalibr family SLCM, or 3M51 SLCM.[8] Kalibr-PL has several variants including the 3M54K (terminal-supersonic) and 3M54K1 (subsonic) antiship, 91R1 antisubmarine, and the 3M14K land-attack variant. Each submarine can carry 32 Kalibr or 24 Oniks (Note: other sources claim 40 Kalibr and 32 Oniks)[46] missiles which are stored in eight vertical launchers (additional missiles may be carried in the torpedo room at the expense of torpedoes).[47][48][49][50] It will also have 8 x 650 mm and 2 x 533 mm tubes as well as mines and anti-ship missiles such as the RPK-7.

This class is the first Russian submarine to be equipped with a spherical sonar, designated as Irtysh-Amfora. The device (allegedly the Irtysh/Amfora sonar system) was tested on a modified Yankee class submarine.[51] The sonar system consists of a spherical bow array, flank arrays and a towed array. Due to the large size of this spherical array, the torpedo tubes are slanted.[16] The hull is constructed from low-magnetic steel.[52] The submarine has a crew of about 90, suggesting a high degree of automation in the submarine's different systems. The newest USA attack submarine, the Virginia-class submarine, has a crew of 134 in comparison.

Severodvinsk-class submarines will be the first Russian SSNs/SSGNs equipped with a fourth generation nuclear reactor.[53] The reactor will allegedly have a 25-30 year core life and will not have to be refueled.[54]

A VSK rescue pod is carried in the sail.[16]

Trials

At the end of April 2016, K-560 conducted drill using 3M14 missiles.[55]

Units

Severodvinsk class – significant dates
Project Name Laid down Launched Commissioned Status Fleet Comments
K-560 885 Severodvinsk 21 December 1993[56] 15 June 2010[57][58][59] 30 December 2013[60] In operation Northern
K-561 885M[61] Kazan 24 July 2009[7][62][63] 2016[64] Under construction TBD First serial unit, modernized.
K-573 885M[65] Novosibirsk[66] 26 July 2013[67][68] Under construction TBD
K-571 885M[65] Krasnoyarsk 27 July 2014[69][70] Under construction TBD
885M[71] Arhangelsk 19 March 2015[72][73] Under construction TBD
885M[71] Perm July 2016[74] Ordered TBD

See also

References and sources

  1. ↑ Ъ-Газета - На что потратят 280 миллиардов (in Russian). Kommersant.ru. 10 November 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Combat fleet of the world 2012
  3. ↑ "Russia to build ten Yasen-class subs". Rusnavy.com. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  4. ↑ Défense & Sécurité Internationnal April 2014
  5. ↑ "Russia Commissions New Attack Submarine". RIA Novosti. 30 December 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  6. ↑ "Russia's new assassin sub has a fatal flaw". The Week. 15 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 Место на стапеле заняла "Казань" [The place on a building berth was occupied with "Kazan"]. 21st century weapon (in Russian) (Rossiyskaya Gazeta). Retrieved 2009-08-24.
  8. 1 2 John Pike. "Graney Class – Project 885 Yasen". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  9. 1 2 "Carrier Killers for the Russian Navy: The Strategic Environment / ISN". Isn.ethz.ch. 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  10. ↑ 08.11.2012. "SSGN Severodvinsk Launched Newest Cruise Missile". Rusnavy.com. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  11. ↑ 19.03.2015. "Project 885 Yasen.Unknown facts about the most expensive submarine in the world". tvzvezda.ru. Retrieved 2015-11-07.
  12. ↑ "Russian Navy prioritizes construction of nuclear submarines". RIA Novosti. 25 July 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  13. ↑ Blank, Stephen J.; Weitz, Richard (July 2010). "The Russian Military Today and Tomorrow: Essays in Memory of Mary Fitzgerald" (PDF). Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) | U.S. Army War College. p. 349. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  14. ↑ Maerli, Morten Bremer. "Components of Naval Nuclear Fuel Transparency" (PDF). Retrieved 1 January 2011.
  15. ↑ Majumdar, Dave. "U.S. Navy Impressed with New Russian Attack Boat". USNI News. U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
  16. 1 2 3 "SSN Project 885 Severodvinsk ("Yasen") class". harpooddatabases.com. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  17. ↑ Kopte, Susanne (August 1997). "Nuclear Submarine Decommissioning and Related Problems" (PDF). Bonn International Center for Conversion. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  18. ↑ Pike, John. "Graney Class – Project 885 Yasen". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  19. ↑ Lantratov, Konstantin (14 March 2006). "Russia Chooses Its Future Armament". Ato.ru. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  20. ↑ "Russia to lay down one multipurpose submarine a year from 2011 | Russia | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 26 July 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  21. ↑ The People’s Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics (PDF). Office of Naval Intelligence. August 2009. p. 22. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  22. ↑ "Run Silent, Run Deep". FAS Military Analysis Netowrk. 8 December 1998. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  23. ↑ "Technical Hitch Delays Russian Submarine Launch". Naval-technology.com. 14 April 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  24. ↑ "Russia delays launch of new nuclear submarine | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  25. ↑ "Russia's new attack submarine goes for sea trials | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  26. ↑ "Google Переводчик" (in Russian). Translate.googleusercontent.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
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  28. ↑ "Russia's top-secret nuclear submarine comes into service". Russia Beyond the Headlines. 17 June 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  29. ↑ "New Russian nuclear submarine will not enter serial production – paper | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  30. ↑ "Russia launches long-awaited submarine | Features & Opinion | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  31. ↑ "Russians Launch First Yasen-class Submarine; Others in Doubt? | Center for Strategic and International Studies". Csis.org. 17 June 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  32. ↑ "п▒п╟п╫п╨ п═п╬я│я│п╦п╦". Cbr.ru. 14 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  33. ↑ 03.11.2011. "Media Got Wind Of Submarines Cost". Rusnavy.com. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  34. ↑ https://russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com/tag/severodvinsk/
  35. ↑ "SSN 23 Jimmy Carter / MMP". Deagel.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  36. ↑ "Google Переводчик" (in Russian). Google. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  37. ↑ ""Северный флот... Не подведёт!": Проект "Ясень" оказался слишком дорогим и избыточно мощным для нашей армии". Severnyflot.ru. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  38. ↑ "Yasen | Russian Defense Policy". Russiandefpolicy.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  39. ↑ "Перспективные проекты". paralay.net.
  40. ↑ http://thebarentsobserver.com/security/2016/03/hunter-red-october-back-scene
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  42. ↑ http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russia-already-developing-new-fifth-generation-submarines-13167
  43. ↑ http://www.ibtimes.com/russia-test-fires-hypersonic-zircon-missiles-nuclear-submarines-weapons-reach-mach-5-2338236
  44. ↑ https://www.rt.com/news/335993-russia-tests-hypersonic-missiles/
  45. ↑ http://sputniknews.com/military/20160317/1036437650/zircon-hypersonic-cruise-missiles.html
  46. ↑ http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Detail/?lng=en&id=150713
  47. ↑ http://paralay.iboards.ru/download/file.php?id=16677
  48. ↑ http://southfront.org/russian-navys-long-arm-kalibr-missile-family/
  49. ↑ Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  50. ↑ Spahn, Tom (June 2013). "The Russian Submarine Fleet Reborn". U.S. Naval Institute. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  51. ↑ "ЦКБ МТ Рубин: 1982-2011". Ckb-rubin.ru. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  52. ↑ "Yasen / Graney Class Submarine, Russia". naval-technology.com. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  53. ↑ 2.3 Development of naval reactors – Bellona Archived 29 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  54. ↑ ARG. "Graney Class Nuclear-Powered Attack Submarine". Military-Today.com. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  55. ↑ http://vpk-news.ru/news/30497
  56. ↑ 24.12.2009 (24 December 2009). "SSN Severodvinsk to start mooring trials in December". Rusnavy.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  57. ↑ "Russia to float out new nuclear submarine after delay | Defense | RIA Novosti". En.rian.ru. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
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  59. ↑ 07.09.2010. "Новые фото с церемонии вывода АПК "Северодвинск" из стапельного цеха". Flot.com. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  60. ↑ 15.10.2012 (2013-12-30). "Russia Commissions New Attack Submarine". RIA Novosti. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
  61. ↑ АПЛ "Ясень" Archived 22 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
  62. ↑ Text: Trude Pettersen (26 June 2009). "New attack submarine will be called "Kazan"". BarentsObserver. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  63. ↑ "Оружие: На "Севмаше" заложили новую атомную подлодку для ВМФ России". Lenta.ru. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  64. ↑ http://www.rusnavyintelligence.com/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  65. 1 2 name="paralay.com"
  66. ↑ Севмаш заложит АПЛ "Новосибирск" ко Дню ВМФ (in Russian). flotprom.ru. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  67. ↑ 16.01.2013 (2013-01-16). "Третий "Ясень" заложат в канун Дня ВМФ". Flotprom.ru. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  68. ↑ На Севмаше заложили АПЛ «Новосибирск» (in Russian). Sevmash. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  69. ↑ "Russia’s Sevmash shipyards lays down three new submarines". TASS. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  70. ↑ "Russia’s Sevmash shipyard lays down 5th Borey class SSBN and 4th Yasen class SSN". navyrecognition.com. 27 July 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  71. 1 2 Jones, Bruce (30 July 2014). "Russia lays keels for three nuclear subs". Jane's 360. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
  72. ↑ "Минобороны РФ: пятую АПЛ проекта "Ясень" заложат на "Севмаше" 19 марта" (in Russian). RIA. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
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  74. ↑ http://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/2539385
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