Green room

In show business, the green room is the space in a theatre or similar venue that functions as a waiting room and lounge for performers before and after a performance, and during the show when they are not engaged on stage.

The origin of the term is often ascribed to such rooms historically being painted green.^[1][2] The modern "green room" is usually not green at all.^[3][4][5]

Source of the term

Salón Verde ("Green Hall") at the Royal Theatre (Teatro Real) in Madrid (Spain). Note that the chairs, curtains and walls are predominantly green, from which the room takes its name.

The specific origin of the term is lost to history, which has led to many imaginative theories and claims. One story is that London's Blackfriars Theatre (1599) included a room behind the scenes, which happened to be painted green; here the actors waited to go on stage. It was called "the green room". Some English theatres contained several green rooms, each ranked according to the status and the salary of the actor: one could be fined for using a green room above one's station.^[6][7]

Historical attributions of the term

Some theories have attempted to identify specific historical origins for the term. For example:

When travelling players appeared in Stratford-upon-Avon in the sixteenth century, they performed in the medieval Guildhall (which is now part of King Edward VI School). The players used the council chamber, adjacent to the Guildhall, as their changing room. This room was known as the Agreeing Room or, in Warwickshire-speak, the "Greein" Room – soon reduced by the players to Green Room and some believe that this is the origin of the theatrical term.

• Richard Southern, in his studies of Medieval theatre in the round, states that in this period the acting area was called The Green. This central space, often grass-covered, was used by the actors, while the surrounding space and circular banks were occupied by the spectators. From this source then The Green has been a traditional actors' term for the stage. Even in proscenium arch theatres there was a tradition that a green stage cloth should be used for a tragedy. The green room could thus be considered the transition room on the way to the green/stage. Technical staff at some West End theatres (such as the London Coliseum) still refer to the stage as the green.

"Tiring house", "scene-room" and "green room"

• In Shakespeare's day, the actors waited in a tiring house, probably because actors were attired (put on or changed costumes) in this space. Here it is mentioned by Peter Quince as he plans for his acting troupe to rehearse in the woods:

QUINCE: Pat, pat; and here's a marvellous convenient place for our rehearsal. This green plot shall be our stage, this hawthorn-brake our tiring-house; and we will do it in action as we will do it before the duke.

— Midsummer Night's Dream (approx 1595) - Act 3 Scene 1

• Samuel Pepys mentions these locations at the Drury Lane Theatre Royal in 1667:

...she took us up into the Tireing-rooms and to the women's Shift, where Nell was dressing herself and...then below into the Scene-room, and...here I read the Qu's (cues) to Knepp while she answered me, through all her part of Flora's Figarys...

— Samuel Pepys, ^[8]

• It is possible that "green room" might be a corruption of scene room, the room where scenery was stored which doubled as the actors' waiting and warm-up room.^[6]
• In his Life of Samuel Johnson (1791), James Boswell mentions visits by his subject to the Green Room at the Drury Lane Theatre.^[9]

Additional Citations

• Thomas Shadwell's Restoration comedy, "A True Widow" (1678), mentions in Act Four: Stanmore : "No madam: Selfish, this Evening, in a green Room, behind the Scenes, was before-hand with me..."^[6][10][11]
• The term "green room" is mentioned in Colley Cibber's Love Makes a Man (1701). "I do know London pretty well, and the Side-box, Sir, and behind the Scenes; ay, and the Green-Room, and all the Girls and Women~Actresses there.'^{[10][11][12][13]}
• In the Jane Austen novel Mansfield Park (1814), when the Bertram children convert the billiard room into a theatre, Tom Bertram notes, "And my father's room will be an excellent green-room. It seems to join the billiard room on purpose."
• In the 1853 Charlotte Brontë novel Villette the narrator refers to the green-room when preparing for a performance in an amateur play.^[14]
• Jerome K. Jerome's first book comically describes his stint in English theatre during the late 1870s. "There was no green room. There never had been a green room. I never saw a green room, except in a play, though I was always on the lookout for it."^[15]
• The green room is mentioned in the Sherlock Holmes short story "The Man with the Twisted Lip" by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. "When an actor I had, of course, learned all the secrets of making up, and had been famous in the green-room for my skill."^[16]

Folk etymology

In addition to the preceding, there are numerous alternative explanations for the origin of the term green room folk etymologies, including the following:

• The room was originally painted green to "relieve the eyes from the glare of the stage."^[17][18] On the other hand, early stage lighting was by candlelight, so the "glare" might be apocryphal, a modern reference to electric stage lighting.^[19]
• It is sometimes said that the term green room was a response to limelight,^[10] though the name is merely a coincidence – "limelight" refers to calcium oxide, not to the fruit or color. Furthermore, limelight was invented in 1820 and the term "green room" was used many years prior to that.
• Many actors experience nervous anxiety before a performance and one of the symptoms of nervousness is nausea. As a person who feels nauseous is often said to look "green", so the "Green Room" is the place where the nervous actors wait.^[10]
• According to one theory, long before modern makeup was invented the actors had to apply makeup before a show and allow it to set up or cure before performing. Until the makeup was cured, it was green and people were advised to sit quietly in the green room until such time as the makeup was stable enough for performing. Uncured makeup is gone, but the green room lives on.^[20]
• In Shakespearean theatre actors would prepare for their performances in a room filled with plants and shrubs. It was believed that the moisture in the topiary was beneficial to the actors' voices. Thus the green room may refer to the green plants in this stage preparation area.
• The term green room can alternatively be traced back to the East End of London, England. In Cockney rhyming slang, greengage is stage, therefore greengage room is stage room and like most rhyming slang it gets shortened, hence green' room. This information came from comedian and dancer Max Wall. It should be noted, however, that Rhyming Slang can be traced only as early as the 1840s, whereas the phrase "green room" predates this by several centuries, making such an etymology unlikely.
• Green is also thought to be a calming and soothing colour. The green colour could also be linked with being "ready" for performing. So the performers were in a green room being ready before performing on the stage.

Other meanings

A view of Baku Crystal Hall where it can seen that the Green Room (in the center slightly to the left) is not vested with predominant green color, but with other colors.

• The death chamber at San Quentin was nicknamed "The Green Room".
• In sports drafts, mostly in North America, the term "green room" is often informally used in its traditional theatrical sense. For example, the NBA and its sister league, the WNBA, set aside a special room at their draft sites for invited top prospects to await their selection with their families and agents.^[21][22]
• In some theatre companies, the term green room also refers to the director's critique session held after a rehearsal or performance, since it is often held in the green room. This session is used for a pep talk, bonding among actors, and/or warmup exercises.
• Green room is also a term for a room where plants are grown as the windows are made of glass, making it a perfect habitat for plants.
• In international trade, and in particular in the context of negotiations within the World Trade Organization (WTO), where decisions can only be reached by consensus, the "Green Room" refers to a process in which heads of delegation seek consensus informally under the chairmanship of the Director-General.^[23]
• The green room is sometimes a location where theatre patrons or fans may meet and greet any famous musicians or performers after a concert. A fee is usually paid to gain access to this area.

Green Room at the White House, named for its predominantly green color.

• In the White House, the Green Room is one of three state parlors located on the state floor; it is traditionally decorated in green.
• In surfing, the green room is the inside of a barrel that is produced by a wave. This term was coined due to the colour of light reflected into the barrel.^[24]
• The Green Room is an Off-Broadway theatre in New York.^[25]
• Green Room Club was a long-time London club for actors, now defunct.

Notes

1. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, William Morris editor, 1971
2. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, Millennium Edition, revised by Adrian Room, 1999
3. Academy Awards green room decor (not green) Architectural Digest March 2009
4. Primetime Emmy greenroom Architectural Digest, November 2009
5. Architectural Digest-June 2008-"A Winning Design for Oscar"
6. The Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre, edited by Phyllis Hartnoll, Oxford University Press, 1972, pg 220
7. Old theatre days and ways By William John Lawrence via Google Books quoting in turn An Actor's Notebook by George Vandenhoff
8. Voices from the World of Samuel Pepys By Jonathan Bastable pg 111, David and Charles Limited (2007) via Google Books
9. The life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. By James Boswell, Mowbray Morris, pg 122, via Google Books Boswell
10. theatrecrafts.com
11. World Wide Words website
12. Oxford English Dictionary as cited at Word origins .org
13. Word Origins.com website
14. Brontë, Charlotte, Villette, Dover, 2007, pp. 112 and 119.
15. On the Stage--and Off: the brief career of a would-be-actor, Jerome K. Jerome, pp 74-75, via Internet Archive
16. The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes: Volume I, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, pg 191
17. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, Millenium Edition, Revised by Adrian Room
18. Straight Dope website
19. De Proverbio.com
20. Glossary of Technical Theatre Terms at theatrecrafts.com
21. Ford, Chad (June 18, 2011). "NBA issues 'green room' invitations". ESPN.com. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
22. "Top Prospects Invited to Attend WNBA Draft" (Press release). Women's National Basketball Association. April 6, 2011. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
23. WTO | Doha Development Agenda | The July 2008 package - How the meeting is organized
24. Surfing glossary
25. Green Room theatre website Archived July 15, 2011 at the Wayback Machine