Grete Sultan

Grete Sultan
Born	Johanna Margarete Sultan 21 June 1906 Berlin, Germany
Died	26 June 2005 (aged 99) Manhattan, New York, United States
Nationality	German, later American
Occupation	Pianist

Grete Sultan (born Johanna Margarete Sultan) (June 21, 1906 – June 26, 2005) was a German-American pianist. Born in Berlin into a musical Jewish^[1] family, she studied piano from an early age with American pianist Richard Buhlig, and later with Leonid Kreutzer and Edwin Fischer. In 1933, after the National Socialists came to power in Germany, she was, as all Jews were, banned from playing in public and could only appear in concerts of the "Jüdischer Kulturbund" (Jewish Culture Association).

With Buhlig's help, Sultan fled Germany in 1941 via Lisbon, from where she emigrated to the United States by ship. She settled in New York City and took up piano teaching, first at Vassar College and the 92nd Street Y, then at the Masters School in Dobbs Ferry, New York. In the mid-1940s she met the composer John Cage and became good friends with him,^[2] and it was through Sultan that Cage met one of her students, Christian Wolff, who gave Cage his first copy of the I Ching—a book that shaped Cage's composition methods during the subsequent decades.

Cage dedicated two pieces to Sultan. The first was part of his Music for Piano series, Music for Piano 53–68.^[3] In 1974, when Sultan was in the process of learning Cage's Music of Changes, the composer offered to write some new music for her, and the result was a monumental piano cycle, Etudes Australes.^[4] Sultan made the premiere recording of the work and played it in concerts worldwide. She also performed the music of Alan Hovhaness and Tui St. George Tucker, but contemporary composers were not the only ones that interested her: in the 1940s she helped popularize Bach's Goldberg Variations, and her concert programs included music from Beethoven, Chopin, and Schubert to Stravinsky, Earle Brown and Morton Feldman.

Grete Sultan gave her last recital in 1996, aged 90, at New York's Merkin Concert Hall, performing Bach's Goldberg Variations. She died in a Manhattan hospital five days after her 99th birthday. In spring 2012, Schott Music, Germany, published the first biography on Grete Sultan, titled "Rebellische Pianistin. Das Leben der Grete Sultan zwischen Berlin und New York", written by Hamburg-based author Moritz von Bredow.

Discography

• John Cage: Etudes Australes {Wergo B000025RQQ}
• "Grete Sultan - The Legacy, Vol. 1": Bach (Goldberg-Variations), Debussy, Schoenberg and Cage {Concord 42030}
• "Grete Sultan - The Legacy, Vol. 2": Beethoven (Diabelli Variations), Copland, Wolpe, Hovhaness, Cage u.a. {Labor 7038-2}
• Grete Sultan - Piano Seasons (1-Bach; 2-Beethoven; 3-Schubert/Schumann; 4-Schönberg/Copland/Weber/Wolpe/Hovhaness/Cage/Ichiyanagi) {Wergo WER 40432, 4 CDs}

References

• Bredow, Moritz von. 2012. "Rebellische Pianistin. Das Leben der Grete Sultan zwischen Berlin und New York." (Biography). Schott Music, Mainz, Germany. ISBN 978-3-7957-0800-9
• Midgette, Anne (3 July 2005). "Grete Sultan, 99, a Pianist and Mentor to Cage, Is Dead". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
• "Grete Sultan Collection". International Piano Archives at Maryland. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
• Kostelanetz, Richard. 2003. Conversing with John Cage. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93792-2
• Revill, David. 1993. The Roaring Silence: John Cage – a Life. Arcade Publishing. ISBN 1-55970-220-6, ISBN 978-1-55970-220-1

Notes

1. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/03/arts/music/grete-sultan-99-a-pianist-and-mentor-to-cage-is-dead.html
2. Revill, 41.
3. Revill, 185.
4. Kostelanets 2003, 91.