Guided bone and tissue regeneration

Guided bone and tissue regeneration
Intervention
MeSH D048091

Guided bone regeneration or GBR, and guided tissue regeneration or GTR are dental surgical procedures that use barrier membranes to direct the growth of new bone and gingival tissue at sites with insufficient volumes or dimensions of bone or gingiva for proper function, esthetics or prosthetic restoration.

GBR is similar to guided tissue regeneration (GTR) but is focused on development of hard tissues in addition to the soft tissues of the periodontal attachment. At present, guided bone regeneration is predominantly applied in the oral cavity to support new hard tissue growth on an alveolar ridge to allow stable placement of dental implants. Bone grafting used in conjunction with sound surgical technique, GBR is a reliable and validated procedure.[1]

History

Use of barrier membranes to direct bone regeneration was first described in the context of orthopaedic research 1959.[2] The theoretical principles basic to guided tissue regeneration were developed by Melcher in 1976, who outlined the necessity of excluding unwanted cell lines from healing sites to allow growth of desired tissues.[3] Based on positive clinical results of regeneration in periodontology research in the 1980s, research began to focus on the potential for re-building alveolar bone defects using guided bone regeneration. The theory of Guided tissue regeneration has been challenged in dentistry. Most frequently by Hessam Nowzari and Jorgen Slots.[4]

Overview

Four stages are used to successfully regenerate bone and other tissues, abbreviated with the acronym PASS:[5]

  1. Primary closure of the wound to promote undisturbed and uninterrupted healing
  2. Angiogenesis to provide necessary blood supply and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  3. Space creation and maintenance to facilitate space for bone in-growth
  4. Stability of the wound to induce blood clot formation and allow uneventful healing

Application

Main article: Bone grafting

The first application of barrier membranes in the mouth occurred in 1982[6][7][8] in the context of regeneration of periodontal tissues via GTR, as an alternative to resective surgical procedures to reduce pocket depths.[5][9]

Several surgical techniques have been proposed regarding the tri-dimensional bone reconstruction of the severely resorbed maxilla, using different types of bone substitutes that have regenerative, osseoinductive or osseoconductive properties. In cases where augmentation materials used are autografts or allografts the bone density is quite low and resorption of the grafted site in these cases can reach up to 30% of original volume. For higher predictability, nonresorbable titanium-reinforced d-polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes—as a barrier against the migration of epithelial cells within the grafted site—are recommended. In patients with systemic problems interdisciplinary collaboration is indicated to adjust therapy background so that it does not adversely affect implanto-prosthetic treatment.[10]

Indications

There are several uses of bone regeneration:

See also

References

  1. ↑ PLarsen, Peter; G. E. Ghali (2004). Peterson's Principals of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Hamilton, Ont: B.C. Decker. ISBN 1-55009-234-0.
  2. ↑ Hurley LA, Stinchfield FE, Bassett AL, Lyon WH (October 1959). "The role of soft tissues in osteogenesis. An experimental study of canine spine fusions". J Bone Joint Surg Am 41–A: 1243–54. PMID 13852565.
  3. ↑ Melcher AH (May 1976). "On the repair potential of periodontal tissues". J. Periodontol. 47 (5): 256–60. doi:10.1902/jop.1976.47.5.256. PMID 775048.
  4. ↑
  5. 1 2 Wang HL, Boyapati L (March 2006). ""PASS" principles for predictable bone regeneration". Implant Dent 15 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1097/01.id.0000204762.39826.0f. PMID 16569956.
  6. ↑ Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T, Rylander H (July 1982). "New attachment following surgical treatment of human periodontal disease". J. Clin. Periodontol. 9 (4): 290–6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1982.tb02095.x. PMID 6964676.
  7. ↑ Gottlow J, Nyman S, Karring T, Lindhe J (September 1984). "New attachment formation as the result of controlled tissue regeneration". J. Clin. Periodontol. 11 (8): 494–503. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb00901.x. PMID 6384274.
  8. ↑ Gottlow J, Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T, Wennström J (July 1986). "New attachment formation in the human periodontium by guided tissue regeneration. Case reports". J. Clin. Periodontol. 13 (6): 604–16. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.1986.tb00854.x. PMID 3462208.
  9. ↑ Perry R. Klokkevold; Newman, Michael C.; Henry H. Takei (2006). Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2400-X.
  10. ↑ Horia Barbu, Monica Comăneanu, Mihai Bucur (Mar 2012). "Guided Bone Regeneration in severely resorbed maxilla". Rev. chir. oro-maxilo-fac. implantol. (in Romanian) 3 (1): 24–29. ISSN 2069-3850. 61. Retrieved 2012-08-30.(webpage has a translation button)
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