Gulzarilal Nanda

Gulzarilal Nanda
Prime Minister of India
Acting
In office
11 January 1966  24 January 1966
President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Preceded by Lal Bahadur Shastri
Succeeded by Indira Gandhi
In office
27 May 1964  9 June 1964
President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Preceded by Jawaharlal Nehru
Succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
29 August 1963  14 November 1966
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Indira Gandhi
Preceded by Lal Bahadur Shastri
Succeeded by Yashwantrao Chavan
Personal details
Born (1898-07-04)4 July 1898
Sialkot, Punjab, British India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died 15 January 1998(1998-01-15) (aged 99)
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Political party Indian National Congress
Spouse(s) Lakshmi
Children 2 sons and 1 daughter
Alma mater Allahabad University
Religion Hinduism

Gulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998)[1] was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in labour issues. He was the Prime Minister of India for two short periods following the deaths of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. Both his terms ended after the ruling Indian National Congress's parliamentary party elected a new prime minister. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1997.

Early life

Nanda was born on 4 July 1898 in Sialkot in the Punjab Province of British India into a Punjabi Hindu family. (After the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947, Sialkot became a part of the Punjab Province of Pakistan.) Nanda received his education in Lahore, Amritsar, Agra, and Allahabad.

Nanda worked as a research scholar on labour problems at Allahabad University (1920–1921), and became a Professor of Economics at National College in Bombay (Mumbai) in 1921. The same year, he joined the Indian Non-Cooperation Movement against the British Raj. In 1922, he became secretary of the Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association where he worked until 1946. He was imprisoned for Satyagraha in 1932, and again from 1942 to 1944.. He honored with "Proud Past Alumni" in the list of 42 members, from "Allahabad University Alumni Association", NCR, Ghaziabad (Greater Noida) Chapter 2007-2008 registered under society act 1860 with registration no. 407/2000.[2][3][4]

He married Lakshmi, with whom he had two sons and a daughter.[5]

Member of Bombay Legislative Assembly

In the British Raj, Nanda was elected to the Bombay Legislative Assembly in 1937, and served as parliamentary secretary (for Labor and Excise) to the Government of Bombay from 1937 to 1939. As Labour Minister of the Bombay Government during 1946–50, he successfully piloted the Labor Disputes Bill in the state assembly. He served as a Trustee of the Kasturba Memorial Trust. (Kasturba was the wife of Mahatma Gandhi.) He served as secretary of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh (Indian Labor Welfare Organization), and Chairman of the Bombay Housing Board. He was a member of the National Planning Committee. He was largely instrumental in organising the Indian National Trade Union Congress, and later became its president.

In 1947, Nanda went to Geneva, Switzerland as a government delegate to the International Labor Conference. He worked on The Freedom of Association Committee of the Conference, and visited Sweden, France, Switzerland, Belgium, and the UK to study labour and housing conditions in those countries.

In March 1950, Nanda joined the Indian Planning Commission as its vice-chairman. In September 1951, he was appointed Planning Minister in the Indian Government. He was also given charge of the portfolios of Irrigation and Power. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Bombay in the general elections of 1952, and was reappointed Minister for Planning, Irrigation, and Power. He led the Indian Delegation to the Plan Consultative Committee held in Singapore in 1955, and the International Labor Conference held in Geneva in 1959.

Nanda was elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1957 elections, and was appointed Union Minister for Labour, Employment and Planning, and later, as Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He visited the Federal Republic of Germany, Yugoslavia, and Austria in 1959.

Nanda was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in the 1962 elections from the Sabarkantha constituency in Gujarat. He initiated the Congress Forum for Socialist Action in 1962. He was Union Minister for Labour and Employment during 1962 – 1963, and Minister for Home Affairs during 1963 – 1966.

Interim Prime Minister

Nanda was the Prime Minister of India twice for thirteen days each: the first time after the death of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964, and the second time after the death of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966.[6] Both his terms were uneventful, yet they came at sensitive times because of the potential danger to the country following Nehru's death soon after a war with China in 1962 and Shastri's death after a war with Pakistan in 1965.[7]

References

Further reading

Political offices
Preceded by
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Minister of Home Affairs
1963–1966
Succeeded by
Yashwantrao Chavan
Preceded by
Jawaharlal Nehru
Prime Minister of India
Acting

1964
Succeeded by
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Chairperson of the Planning Commission
Acting

1964
Minister of External Affairs
1964
Preceded by
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Prime Minister of India
Acting

1966
Succeeded by
Indira Gandhi
Chairperson of the Planning Commission
Acting

1966
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