Gushi County

Gushi County 固始县
North gate of Xiushui Park
Gushi County Location in Henan
Coordinates: 32°11′N 115°40′E / 32.183°N 115.667°ECoordinates: 32°11′N 115°40′E / 32.183°N 115.667°E
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Henan
Prefecture-level city	Xinyang
Area
• City	2,916 km^2 (1,126 sq mi)
• Water	71.8 km^2 (27.7 sq mi)  2.44%
• Urban	35.03 km^2 (13.53 sq mi)
Highest elevation	1,025 m (3,363 ft)
Lowest elevation	23 m (75 ft)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code	465200
Area code(s)	0376
Administrative division code	419009
Website	gsxzf.gov.cn

Gushi County
"Gushi" in Chinese
Chinese	固始
Postal	Kushi
Literal meaning	"a Solid Start"
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Gùshǐ Wade–Giles Ku^4-shih^3

Gushi (Chinese: 固始; pinyin: Gùshǐ) is a county of 1,023,857 people directly governed by Henan province, People's Republic of China.

Administration

Gushi has 3 subdistricts, 17 towns and 13 townships.

Map	Subdistricts			Towns			Townships
	Subdivision		Chinese	Subdivision		Chinese	Subdivision		Chinese
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
	1	Liaocheng	蓼城街道	4	Chenlinzi	陈淋子镇	21	Hongbu	洪埠乡
	2	Xiushui	秀水街道	5	Liji	黎集镇	22	Yangji	杨集乡
	3	Pancheng	番城街道	6	Jiangji	蒋集镇	23	Magangji	马堽集乡
				7	Wangliu	往流镇	24	Caomiaoji	草庙集乡
				8	Guolutan	郭陆滩镇	25	Nandaqiao	南大桥乡
				9	Huzupu	胡族铺镇	26	Zhaogang	赵岗乡
				10	Fangji	方集镇	27	Zhanglaobu	张老埠乡
				11	Sanhejian	三河尖镇	28	Shahepu	沙河铺乡
				12	Duanji	段集镇	29	Xuji	徐集乡
				13	Wangpeng	汪棚镇	30	Lidian	李店乡
				14	Zhangguangmiao	张广庙镇	31	Fenggang	丰港乡
				15	Chenji	陈集镇	32	Liushudian	柳树店乡
				16	Wumiaoji	武庙集镇	33	Guantang	观堂乡
				17	Fenshuiting	分水亭镇
				18	Shifodian	石佛店镇
				19	Quanhepu	泉河铺镇
				20	Zushimiao	祖师庙镇

History

A set of bronze Niu-bells (Bianzhong) with inscriptions in Spring and Autumn Period excavated from Tomb 1, Hougudui.

Gushi County was the capital of one of the two States of Liao during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history (771–436 BCE).

Geography

climate

Climate data for Gushi
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	6 (43)	10 (50)	13 (55)	19 (66)	24 (75)	30 (86)	33 (91)	31 (88)	26 (79)	21 (70)	14 (57)	8 (46)	19.6 (67.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	2 (36)	5 (41)	9 (48)	14 (57)	20 (68)	25 (77)	29 (84)	27 (81)	22 (72)	16 (61)	9 (48)	4 (39)	15.2 (59.3)
Average low °C (°F)	−2 (28)	0 (32)	5 (41)	10 (50)	16 (61)	21 (70)	25 (77)	23 (73)	18 (64)	11 (52)	5 (41)	0 (32)	11 (51.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	30.7 (1.209)	40.3 (1.587)	67.8 (2.669)	96.6 (3.803)	106.8 (4.205)	142.6 (5.614)	228.3 (8.988)	123.8 (4.874)	90.3 (3.555)	63.5 (2.5)	48.0 (1.89)	27.6 (1.087)	1,066.3 (41.98)
Average relative humidity (%)	68	71	77	78	77	75	78	81	79	71	78	76	75.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours	140.1	131.3	146.2	165.8	206.8	222.6	226.9	234.5	172.8	183.1	156.7	152.4	2,139.2
Source: Chorography of Gushi & Weatherbase[1][2]

Demographic

Population of Gushi since the 14th century

Ancient times Year Pop. ±% 1392 71,082 —     1412 70,420 −0.9% 1452 77,612 +10.2% 1462 78,570 +1.2% 1472 73,531 −6.4% 1475 52,038 −29.2% 1482 48,417 −7.0% 1492 52,075 +7.6% 1502 50,451 −3.1% 1512 52,180 +3.4% 1522 52,500 +0.6% 1532 52,136 −0.7% 1542 42,160 −19.1% 1596 53,889 +27.8% 1777 318,942 +491.8%	20th century and after Year Pop. ±% 1935 523,950 —     1945 529,034 +1.0% 1950 705,430 +33.3% 1955 754,734 +7.0% 1960 702,784 −6.9% 1965 814,277 +15.9% 1970 989,300 +21.5% 1975 1,148,370 +16.1% 1980 1,217,817 +6.0% 1985 1,263,694 +3.8% 1990 1,363,100 +7.9% 1995 1,465,100 +7.5% 2000 1,529,400 +4.4% 2005 1,566,100 +2.4% 2010 1,722,000 +10.0% 2013 1,734,100 +0.7%
Source:[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Gushi is the most-populous county in the Henan Province, with an estimated record high of 1,734,100 citizens with registration as of 2013, according to the 2013 annual statistics report. As of the sixth national census in 2010, there are 1,023,857 residents living inside the county, showing that nearly half of the population moved out of the county without changing their residents registration status.

In 2010, the county had a population density of 348 people per square kilometer (901/mi²).

Transportation

The Nanjing–Xi'an Railway along as G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway passing through the southern side of Gushi from the east to the west, connect the county with Xinyang and Hefei. A branch line, S39 Huaibin-Gushi Expressway links the county seat to the national expressway network from north to south. One major railway station located in the Town of Duanji in the southern part of the county and three intersections of the expressways have connections with local roads in the central and southern area. The national highway network, connecting other counties in this region, consists of three different routes: Line 220, Line 312 and Line 328. In the north border to Anhui, Huaihe River flowing from the west to the east serves as a class III Waterway.

Notable people

• Chen Yuanguang, Sacred Prince, Developer of Zhangzhou
• Wang Shenzhi, the founder of the Min Kingdom on the southeast coast of China

References

1. Chorography of Gushi(Chinese:固始县志) (in Chinese). Zhengzhou: Central China Ancient Books Publishing House(Chinese:中州古籍出版社). 1992. p. 116. ISBN 7-5348-1232-1.
2. "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Gushi, China". Weatherbase. 2009.
3. 固始县志 嘉靖, 民物志第四·户口
4. 固始县志 顺治, 卷之四·户口
5. （五八）固始. 河南统计月报 (in Chinese) (开封: 河南省政府秘书处) 2 (7): 129–134. 1936. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
6. 固始县志 1992, p. 131
7. 河南统计年鉴1991 (in Chinese). 北京: 中国统计出版社. 1991. ISBN 7-5037-0589-2.
8. 河南统计年鉴1996 (in Chinese). 北京: 中国统计出版社. 1996. ISBN 7-5037-3508-2.
9. 河南统计年鉴2001 (in Chinese). 北京: 中国统计出版社. 2001. ISBN 7-5037-3508-2.
10. 河南统计年鉴2006 (in Chinese). 北京: 中国统计出版社. 2006. ISBN 7-5037-4899-0.
11. 河南统计年鉴2011 (in Chinese). 北京: 中国统计出版社. 2011. ISBN 978-7-5037-6303-8.
12. 河南统计年鉴2014 (in Chinese). 北京: 中国统计出版社. 2014.

External links

• Gushi Information Network
• Gushi County government
• A Survey of Gushi - China Council for the Promotion of International Trade
• Rural China's office politics - November 2007 BBC News article on Gushi County