HAT-P-11b

HAT-P-11b

Exoplanet		List of exoplanets
Size comparison of HAT-P-11b (gray) with Neptune.
Parent star
Star		HAT-P-11
Constellation		Cygnus
Right ascension	(α)	19^h 50^m 50.25^s[1]
Declination	(δ)	+48° 04′ 51.1″[1]
Apparent magnitude	(mV)	9.59[2]
Distance		122 ± 4[1] ly (37 ± 1[1] pc)
Spectral type		K4[2]
Orbital elements
Semi-major axis	(a)	0.053+0.0002 −0.0008 AU
Periastron	(q)	0.043 AU
Apastron	(Q)	0.063 AU
Eccentricity	(e)	0.198 ± 0.046
Orbital period	(P)	4.8878045±0.0000043[3] d (0.013381878 ± 0.000000019 y)
Orbital speed	(υ)	118 km/s
Inclination	(i)	88.5 ± 0.6°
Argument of periastron	(ω)	355.2 ± 17.3°
Time of transit	(Tt)	2454605.89132 ± 0.00032 JD
Physical characteristics
Mass	(m)	0.081 ± 0.009 MJ (26 ± 3 M⊕)
Radius	(r)	0.422 ± 0.014 RJ (4.58 ± 0.15 R⊕)
Density	(ρ)	1440 kg m^−3
Surface gravity	(g)	1.20 g
Discovery information
Discovery date		2 January 2009
Discoverer(s)		Bakos et al.
Discovery method		Transit (HATNet)
Other detection methods		Radial velocity
Discovery site		Cambridge, Massachusetts
Discovery status		Published
Database references
Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia		data
SIMBAD		data
Exoplanet Archive		data
Open Exoplanet Catalogue		data

HAT-P-11b (or Kepler-3b) is an extrasolar planet orbiting the star HAT-P-11. This planet was discovered by the transit method and submitted for publication on 2 January 2009.

This planet is located approximately 122 light-years (37 pc) away^[1] in the constellation of Cygnus, orbiting the 10th magnitude K-type star HAT-P-11. This planet was the smallest transiting planet known when first discovered, with a radius about 5 times that of Earth; but is more massive than Gliese 436 b at a true mass of 26 times that of Earth. This planet orbits about the same distance from the star as 51 Pegasi b is from 51 Pegasi, typical of transiting planets. However, the orbit of this planet is eccentric, at around 0.198, unusually high for hot Neptunes. HAT-P-11b's orbit is also highly inclined, with a tilt of approximately 103 degrees relative to its star's rotation.^[4][5]

The HAT-P-11 system was within the field of view of the Kepler spacecraft.^[2]

Its radial velocity is drifting and this may be a result of an as-yet-undiscovered planet in the system.^[2]

The planet fits models for 90% heavy elements. Expected temperature is 878 ± 15K.^[2] Actual temperature must await calculations of secondary transit.

On 24 September 2014, NASA reported that HAT-P-11b is the first Neptune-sized exoplanet known to have a relatively cloud-free atmosphere and, as well, the first time molecules, namely water vapor, of any kind have been found on such a relatively small exoplanet.^[6]

In 2009 French astronomers observed what was thought to be a weak radio signal coming from the exoplanet. In 2016 scientists from the University of St Andrews set out to solve the mystery. They assumed that the signal was real and was coming from the planet and investigated whether it can be produced by lightning on HAT-P-11b. Assuming that the underlying physics of lighting is the same for all Solar System planets, like Earth and Saturn, as well as on HAT-P-11b, the researchers found that 53 lightning flashes of Saturnian lightning-strength in a square kilometre per hour would explain the observed radio signal on HAT-P-11b. This storm would have been so enormous that the largest thunder storms on Earth or Saturn would have produced only about 1% of the strength of the signal coming from the planet. ^{[7] [8]}

See also

• Gliese 436 b
• HATNet Project
• HAT-P-7b
• Kepler Mission

References

1. van Leeuwen, F. (2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357. Vizier catalog entry
2. Bakos, G. Á.; et al. (2010). "HAT-P-11b: A Super-Neptune Planet Transiting a Bright K Star in the Kepler Field". The Astrophysical Journal 710 (2): 1724–1745. arXiv:0901.0282. Bibcode:2010ApJ...710.1724B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1724.
3. Dittmann, Jason A.; Close, Laird M.; Green, Elizabeth M.; Scuderi, Louis J.; Males, Jared R. (2009). "Follow-up Observations of the Neptune Mass Transiting Extrasolar Planet HAT-P-11b". The Astrophysical Journal 699: L48–L51. arXiv:0905.1114v2. Bibcode:2009ApJ...699L..48D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/L48.
4. "Inclined Orbits Prevail in Exoplanetary Systems". 12 January 2011.
5. Roberto Sanchis-Ojeda, Josh N. Winn, Daniel C. Fabrycky (2012). "Starspots and spin-orbit alignment for Kepler cool host stars". arXiv:1211.2002. Bibcode:2013AN....334..180S. doi:10.1002/asna.201211765.
6. Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Weaver, Donna; Villard; Johnson, Michele (24 September 2014). "NASA Telescopes Find Clear Skies and Water Vapor on Exoplanet". NASA. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
7. "Could ferocious lightning storms beam radio signals to Earth?". 26 April 2016.
8. "Lightning as a possible source of the radio emission on HAT-P-11b". ADS.

External links

Media related to HAT-P-11b at Wikimedia Commons

• "HAT-P-11 b". Exoplanets.

Coordinates: 19^h 50^m 50.2469^s, +48° 04′ 51.085″