HMS Blanche (1909)

Blanche at anchor
History
United Kingdom
Name:	HMS Blanche
Builder:	Pembroke Royal Dockyard
Laid down:	12 April 1909
Launched:	25 November 1909
Completed:	November 1910
Decommissioned:	1919
Fate:	Sold for scrap, 27 July 1921
General characteristics
Class and type:	Blonde-class scout cruiser
Displacement:	3,350 long tons (3,400 t) (normal)
Length:	406 ft (123.7 m) (o/a)
Beam:	41 ft 6 in (12.6 m)
Draught:	14 ft 3 in (4.3 m)
Installed power:	18,000 shp (13,000 kW) 12 × Yarrow boilers
Propulsion:	4 × shafts 4 × Parsons steam turbines
Speed:	25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph)
Complement:	317
Armament:	10 × single BL 4-inch (102 mm) guns 4 × single QF 3-pounder (47 mm (1.9 in)) guns 2 × single 21-inch (530 mm) torpedo tubes
Armour:	Deck: .5–1 in (13–25 mm) Conning Tower: 4 in (102 mm)

HMS Blanche was the second of two Blonde-class scout cruisers built for the Royal Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. She led the 1st Destroyer Flotilla from completion until 1912 and was then briefly transferred to the 4th Destroyer Flotilla before the ship was assigned to the 3rd Battle Squadron in 1913. During World War I, Blanche was assigned to several different battleship squadrons of the Grand Fleet. She was present at, but did not fight in, the Battle of Jutland in mid-1916. The ship was converted into a minelayer in early 1917 and made 16 sorties to lay mines during the war. Blanche was paid off in 1919 and sold for scrap in 1921.

Design and description

Designed to provide destroyer flotillas with a command ship capable of outclassing enemy destroyers with her 10 four-inch (102 mm) guns, Blanche proved too slow in service from the start of her career. Her 25-knot (46 km/h; 29 mph) speed was inadequate to match the 27-to-30-knot (50 to 56 km/h; 31 to 35 mph) speeds of the destroyers she led in her flotilla.^[1]

Displacing 3,350 long tons (3,400 t),^[1] the ship had an overall length of 406 feet (123.7 m), a beam of 41 feet 6 inches (12.6 m) and a deep draught of 14 feet 3 inches (4.3 m). She was powered by four Parsons steam turbines, each driving one shaft. The turbines produced a total of 18,000 indicated horsepower (13,000 kW), using steam produced by 12 Yarrow boilers, and gave a maximum speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). She carried a maximum of 780 long tons (790 t) of coal and 189 long tons (192 t) of fuel oil.^[2] Her crew consisted of 314 officers and enlisted men.^[1]

Her main armament consisted of 10 breech-loading (BL) four-inch Mk VII guns. The forward pair of guns were mounted side by side on a platform on the forecastle, three pairs were port and starboard amidships, and the two remaining guns were on the centreline of the quarterdeck, one ahead of the other.^[1] The guns fired their 31-pound (14 kg) shells to a range of about 11,400 yards (10,400 m).^[3] Her secondary armament was four quick-firing (QF) three-pounder (47 mm (1.9 in)) Vickers Mk I guns and two submerged 21-inch (530 mm) torpedo tubes.^[1]

As a scout cruiser, the ship was only lightly protected to maximise her speed. She had a curved protective deck that was one inch (25 mm) thick on the slope and .5 inches (13 mm) on the flat.^[2] Her conning tower was protected by four inches of armour.^[1]

Construction and service

Blanche, the seventh ship of that name,^[4] was laid down in No. 5 Slipway at Pembroke Royal Dockyard by Mrs. Munday, wife of Captain Godfrey Mundy, Captain-Superintendent of the dockyard, on 12 April 1909. The ship was launched on 25 November 1910 by Lady Mai Philipps, wife of Sir Owen Philips, Member of Parliament for Pembroke and Haverfordwest.^[5] She was completed in November 1910 and served as the flotilla leader of the 1st Destroyer Flotilla through 1912.^[1] At 01:30 on 3 October 1911, the ship struck a rock on the Pentland Skerries and suffered damage to her bow and stern.^[6] Captain Wilfred Henderson assumed command of the ship and the 4th Destroyer Flotilla of the First Fleet on 1 May 1912.^[7] Blanche had been transferred to the 3rd Battle Squadron as of 18 June 1913^[8] and Captain Richard Hyde assumed command on 5 July.^[7] Blanche patrolled off the Irish coast in early 1914, during the Home Rule Crisis.^[9]

She was still assigned to the 3rd Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet in Scapa Flow at the start of World War I.^[10] On 15 December the ship was badly damaged due to severe weather in the Pentland Firth as she sortied to intercept German ships bombarding ports in Yorkshire and had to return to port for repairs.^[11] Blanche was transferred to the 4th Battle Squadron, joining her sister ship, Blonde, in January 1916.^[12] On 28 February, she was one of three cruisers dispatched to patrol off the Norwegian coast during the hunt for the German raider SMS Greif, although she did not come into contact with the German ship before she was sunk.^[13] Captain John Casement relieved Hyde on 21 May.^[7] During the Battle of Jutland, she was assigned to a position at the rear of the squadron during the battle and did not fire her guns.^[14] By January 1917, Blanche was detached from the Grand Fleet,^[15] presumably to be converted into a minelayer^[1] and Casement was relieved by Captain The Honourable Reginald Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax on 15 January.^[7] The ship had been assigned to the 5th Battle Squadron by April.^[16] Blanche laid mines at the entrance to the Kattegat on the nights of 18/19 and 24/25 February 1918,^[17] part of her total of 1,238 mines laid during 16 sorties during the war.^[1] Captain Francis Buller assumed command in lieu of Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax on 5 April 1918. He, in turn, was relieved by Captain Charles Wrightson on 7 January 1919.^[7] The ship was still assigned to the 5th Battle Squadron in February,^[18] but had been assigned to the Nore Reserve by 1 May, together with Blonde.^[19] The sisters were listed for sale by 18 March 1920^[20] and Blanche was sold to Fryer for scrap on 27 July 1921 and broken up at Sunderland.^[4]

Notes

1. Gardiner & Gray, p. 50
2. Friedman 2009, p. 295
3. Friedman 2011, pp. 75–76
4. Colledge, p. 41
5. Phillips, p. 295
6. http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000325/19111004/054/0006
7. "H.M.S. Blanche (1909)". www.dreadnoughtproject.org. The Dreadnought Project. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
8. "The Navy List" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 18 June 1913. p. 269. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
9. Goldrick, p. 8
10. Corbett, Vol. I, p. 439; Vol. II, pp. 413, 417
11. Massie, p. 335
12. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c." (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. January 1916. p. 14. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
13. Corbett, Vol. III, p. 270
14. Corbett, Vol. III, p. 345
15. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c." (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. January 1917. p. 14. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
16. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c." (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. April 1917. p. 10. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
17. Smith, pp. 32–37
18. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c." (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. 1 February 1919. p. 10. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
19. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing the Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officer's Commands, &c." (PDF). National Library of Scotland. Admiralty. 1 May 1919. p. 16. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
20. "The Navy List" (PDF). National Library of Scotland. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 18 March 1920. p. 1105. Retrieved 31 March 2016.

Bibliography

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
• Corbett, Julian. Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents I (2nd, reprint of the 1938 ed.). London and Nashville, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum and Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-256-X.
• Corbett, Julian (1997). Naval Operations. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents II (reprint of the 1929 second ed.). London and Nashille, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press. ISBN 1-870423-74-7.
• Corbett, Julian (1997). Naval Operations. History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents III (reprint of the 1940 second ed.). London and Nashille, Tennessee: Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press. ISBN 1-870423-50-X.
• Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-081-8.
• Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.
• Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1984). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships: 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
• Goldrick, James (2015). Before Jutland: The Naval War in Northern European Waters, August 1914–February 1915. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-349-9.
• Massie, Robert K. (2004). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 0-224-04092-8.
• Phillips, Lawrie; Lieutenant Commander (2014). Pembroke Dockyard and the Old Navy: A Bicentennial History. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7509-5214-9.
• Smith, Peter C. (2005). Into the Minefields: British Destroyer Minelaying 1916 - 1960. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Maritime. ISBN 1-84415-271-5.

External links

• Blonde class in World War I
• History of HMS Blanche
• Blonde class at battleships-cruisers.co.uk