PS Duchess of Montrose
 Paddle Steamer Duchess of Montrose in pre-war livery | |
| History | |
|---|---|
| United Kingdom | |
| Name: | PS Duchess of Montrose |
| Namesake: | Violet Hermione Graham (1854-1940), Duchess of Montrose[1] |
| Owner: |
 Caledonian Steam Packet Company |
| Ordered: | 29 November 1901 |
| Builder: | John Brown & Company, Clydebank |
| Cost: | £19,572 |
| Yard number: | 352 |
| Laid down: | 19 December 1901 |
| Launched: | 8 May 1902 |
| Fate: | Requisitioned by the Royal Navy on 15 February 1915 |
| United Kingdom | |
| Operator: |
 Royal Navy |
| Acquired: | 15 February 1915 |
| Identification: | Pennant number: PP585 |
| Fate: | Mined near Gravelines on 18 March 1917 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Clyde paddle steamer |
| Tonnage: | 322 tonnes |
| Length: | 210.3 ft (64.1 m) |
| Beam: | 25.2 ft (7.7 m) |
| Installed power: | 206 nominal horsepower |
| Propulsion: | Four-cylinder triple-expansion diagonal steam engine, driving paddles |
| Speed: | 16.5 kn (30.6 km/h) |
PS Duchess of Montrose was a paddle steamer launched in 1902 and operated by the Caledonian Steam Packet Company as a River Clyde excursion steamer. She saw active service during the First World War after being requisitioned by the Admiralty and converted into a minesweeper. She was lost near Dunkirk on 18 March 1917 after striking a mine.[2]
Construction
In October 1901 the Caledonian Steam Packet Company invited tenders from six of the Clyde shipyards to build a replacement for the paddle steamer Meg Merrilies. On 29 October 1901 they accepted an offer made by John Brown & Company of Clydebank to build the ship for £19,572,[3] and the keel was laid in Clydebank on 19 December 1901.[4] The minutes of the Caledonian Steam Packet Company for 4 February 1902 record that:
| “ | It was agreed, subject of the approval of Her Grace, the Duchess of Montrose, that the new steamer should be named Duchess of Montrose.[3] | ” |
Duchess of Montrose was launched on 8 May 1902[4] and achieved the contracted speed during trials on 4 June 1902.[3]
Design
Duchess of Montrose was fitted with a triple-expansion steam engine incorporating four cylinders (two high-, one intermediate-, and one low-pressure) arranged in tandem to drive two cranks. This arrangement was considered more efficient than the conventional two-cylinder compound steam engine and provided greater manoeuvrability at piers. The use of relatively small paddle wheels, intended to save wear and tear, meant that Duchess of Montrose had a diminutive paddlebox and, in conjunction with a very vertical funnel, she was easily recognisable amongst the Clyde fleet. She featured saloons fore and aft and an open bow under the promenade deck.[3]
Career
Excursion steamer
Initially employed on the Ayr station,[4] she went on to service both the Gourock and Wemyss Bay routes[5] before being used for general railway connections further upstream.[6]
Troopship
On 15 February 1915, along with Duchess of Argyll and Duchess of Hamilton, she was requisitioned by the Admiralty as a troopship and spent the first few months of her service ferrying troops from Southampton to France. It is reported that she initially arrived in Southampton in her Caledonian Steam Packet livery but was soon repainted naval grey.[7]
Minesweeper
In May 1915 she was given the pennant number PP585 and converted into a minesweeper by Lieutenant Commander W G Rigg. This work involved having the end of her saloon cut away to main deck level and replaced with minesweeping equipment. From 14 July 1915 she was stationed at Dover under the command of Lieutenant Alexander Duff Thomson Royal Naval Reserve and from April 1916 she was stationed at Dunkirk.[7]
Salvage of the Sussex
Between 1 and 3 January 1917, PS Duchess of Montrose, HMS Myrmidon, HMS Nepaulin, HMS Redcar, HMT Security assisted in the salvage of the steamer Sussex after she struck a mine near the West Dyck shoal on her way to Dunkirk from Sydney, each ship receiving a portion of the salvage money.[8]
Loss
On the morning of Sunday 18 March 1917, Duchess of Montrose left Dunkirk harbour and at 9am began sweeping close to the Gravelines Buoy. She recovered five mines (from Barrage 248 laid by the U-Boat UB-12 [9][10]) before stopping for low water.[11] Around an hour after she resumed sweeping, Duchess of Montrose hit a mine amidships, broke in two and sank in less than a minute.[11] Her wreck lies at 51°03′N 2°07′E / 51.050°N 2.117°E[10][12]
Casualties
Thirty-one of the crew of Duchess of Montrose are reported to have been rescued,[11] but twelve men were lost in the sinking.[13]
| Name | Rank or Rate |
|---|---|
| William James Brown | 2nd Engineer, Mercantile Marine Reserve |
| William Fair | 3rd Engineer, Mercantile Marine Reserve |
| Thomas Edward Gibbon | Trimmer, Royal Naval Reserve |
| Robert Houston | Steward, Mercantile Marine Reserve |
| Gerald Lawrence Lesmond | Temporary Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve |
| Norman MacDonald | Deck Hand, Royal Naval Reserve |
| Archibald Macelwee | Temporary Engineer Sub-Lieutenant |
| Donald John MacLennan | Deck Hand, Royal Naval Reserve |
| Alexander MacPherson | Assistant Steward, Mercantile Marine Reserve |
| Cyril Hambly Panther | Ordinary Telegraphist, Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve |
| Alfred Robert Tuffin | Petty Officer (Pensioner) (Lifeboatman, Coastguard) |
| Christopher Warden | Deck Hand, Royal Naval Reserve |
Nine of those lost have no known grave and their names are recorded on the Plymouth Naval Memorial.
- Norman MacDonald is buried at Dunkirk Town Cemetery (Grave Ref: I.I.7) [14]
- Cyril Hambly Panther is buried at Lewisham (Hither Green) Cemetery [15]
- Donald John MacLennan is buried at Scarp Burial Ground[16]
The grave of William Earnest Sparkes is located at Dover (St James's) Cemetery; he is reported to have died of heart disease on 8 July 1917, four months after the sinking.[17]
Bravery awards
Lieutenant Alexander Duff Thomson RNR received the Distinguished Service Cross on 2 July 1917 for minesweeping operations carried out in Duchess of Montrose between 1 June 1916 and 31 March 1917. His citation read:
| “ | His zeal and attention to duties are above the average, and I have had personal experience of his coolness and resource. He was blown up in P.M.S. Duchess of Montrose and 10 days afterwards, as soon as a ship could be found for him, he was again sweeping in the area in which he was blown up. | ” | |
| — The London Gazette, 29 June 1917[18][19] | |||
References
- ↑ "Violet Herminoe Graham, Duchess of Montrose at thePeerage.com". Retrieved 2008-10-04.
- ↑ "Lists of Naval Losses". battleships-cruisers.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-10-04.
- 1 2 3 4 Paterson, Alan J.S. (1969) The Golden Years of the Clyde Steamers (1889-1914). David & Charles Ltd. ISBN 0-7153-4290-8
- 1 2 3 "Launched 1902: PS Duchess of Montrose". www.clydesite.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- ↑ McQueen, Andrew (1923) Clyde River Steamers 1872-1922, The Strong Oak Press, ISBN 1-871048-17-6
- ↑ "Duchess of Montrose at Paddle Steamer Resources website". Tramscape. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- 1 2 Bacon, Sir Reginald (1919). The Dover Patrol 1915-1917. George H. Doran Company.
- ↑ Smith, Gordon. "ROYAL NAVY SHIPS RECEIVING NAVAL SALVAGE and PRIZE BOUNTY MONEY". Naval History. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
- ↑ Spindler, Arno.(1941) Der Krieg zur See, 1914-1918: Handelskrieg mit U-Booten, Volume 4. E.S. Mittler und Sohn.
- 1 2 Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit during WWI: Duchess of Montrose". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- 1 2 3 Dorling, Captain Taprell (1935) Swept channels: being an account of the work of the minesweepers in the Great War. Hodder and Stoughton Ltd. ISBN 978-0-19-822496-9
- ↑ "HMS Duchess of Montrose (PP585)". www.wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- ↑ "Royal Navy Casualties, killed and died, March 1917". www.naval-history.net. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- ↑ "CWGC: Casualty Details, MacDonald N". The Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- ↑ "The War Graves Photographic Project, Cyril Hambly Panther". The War Graves
Photographic Project. Retrieved 2008-09-18. line feed character in
|publisher=at position 15 (help) - ↑ "CWGC: Casualty Details, MacLennan D J". The Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
- ↑ "The War Graves Photographic Project,Sparkes, William Ernest". The War Graves
Photographic Project. Retrieved 2008-09-18. line feed character in
|publisher=at position 15 (help) - ↑ ADM 171 / 84 Q 025 Recommendations, Honours & Awards to RN, RNR, RNVR, RM, RFC, RNAS, RAF. The National Archives, Kew.
- ↑ "Honours for Service in Mine-Sweeping Operations". The London Gazette. 29 June 1917.