HMS Powerful (1895)

Sailors on deck of four-funnel cruiser HMS Powerful, Australian Squadron, Sydney Harbour (between 1902-1913)
History
United Kingdom
Name:	HMS Powerful
Builder:	Vickers Limited, Barrow-in-Furness
Laid down:	1894
Launched:	24 July 1895
Renamed:	Impregnable, November 1919
Reclassified:	Training School, November 1919
Fate:	Sold 31 August 1929
General characteristics
Class & type:	Powerful-class cruiser
Displacement:	14,200 tons deep load
Length:	500 ft (150 m)
Beam:	71 ft (22 m)
Draught:	27 ft (8.2 m)
Propulsion:	2 shafts 4 cylinder VTE steam engines 48 Bellville type water tube boilers 25,000 hp
Speed:	22 knots (41 km/h)
Range:	7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Endurance:	3000 tons coal
Complement:	894
Armament:	2 × BL 9.2-inch (233.7 mm) Mk VIII guns 12 × QF 6-inch (152.4 mm) guns 16 × 12-pdr guns 12 × 3-pdr guns 4 torpedo tubes
Armour:	2–6 inches (51–152 mm) deck 6 inches (150 mm) barbettes 6 inches (150 mm) gun shields

HMS Powerful was a ship of the Powerful class of protected cruisers in the Royal Navy. She served with her sister ship, Terrible, on the China Station and provided landing parties which fought in the relief of the Siege of Ladysmith in the Second Boer War. Crews from the two ships also took part in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion in China. After 1904 they were laid up as an economy measure.

Career

Powerful was built by Vickers Limited, Barrow-in-Furness and launched on 24 July 1895 by the Duchess of Devonshire.^[1]

In 1897 Captain Hedworth Lambton commanded Powerful, which was one of the largest warships of the time, on a posting to China. On the return voyage in 1899 he was ordered to Durban, South Africa at an important point in the Second Boer War. He stopped at Mauritius, and on his own initiative picked up a battalion of soldiers stationed there. Knowing that the British forces at Ladysmith urgently needed more powerful guns, Captain Percy Scott from Powerful's sister ship, Terrible, devised carriages to transport naval cannon, and Lambton then led a Naval Brigade from Powerful to the rescue with four 12-pounders and two other guns.

The journey to Ladysmith from Durban was 189 miles (304 km). They began by special train then with oxen pulling the guns but when the oxen died the sailors took over pulling the guns themselves. In this endeavour they manhandled the guns "through the wild and broken country" of the South African veldt and "arrived in the nick of time" to play "a most important role in the defence of the town". Although the Boer attackers were kept at bay unfortunately the Naval brigade became besieged themselves. A second Naval brigade from Terrible left Durban for Ladysmith and joined with the relief column led by General Buller and assisted in the lifting of the siege.^[2]

The field gun competition commemorates the participation of Terrible and Powerful in the relief of Ladysmith.^[3]

On 30 October 1899 the Naval Brigade of Powerful attacked Boer positions at Lombards Kop, Ladysmith.^[4] On 25 November 1899 the Naval Brigade from Powerful fought in the Battle of Graspan against the Boers in South Africa.^[4] On 6 January 1900 the Naval Brigade from Powerful repulsed a strong Boer attack at Ladysmith.^[4]

The enthusiastic response in Britain to the "heroes of Ladysmith"^[5] was enormous and made Captain Hedworth Lambton a well-known public figure. Queen Victoria sent a telegram saying, "Pray express to the Naval Brigade my deep appreciation of the valuable services they have rendered with their guns."^[6] while a reception and celebratory march through London were among the first events ever recorded on film.^[7]

A newspaper described the Powerful's return home:

“	As the great vessel steamed into Portsmouth Harbour at four o'clock this afternoon, she was greeted with thunders of applause .... vessels lying off here were dressed with flags, and their crews, swarming along the yards, swelled the roar of welcome......By three o'clock the jetty was thronged with men, women and children. ... A more eager, joyous gathering I never saw.....We cheered, we waved hats and handkerchiefs and we were half wild with delight.	”
	— Daily News[8]

Lambton was awarded the CB, and it was in this year that his caricature was published in Vanity Fair. In 1921 a new Primary School in Ladysmith was named after Lt Frederick Greville Egerton, a gunnery officer from the Powerful who lost his life during the action at Ladysmith.^[9][10]

Captain Hedworth Lambton

Powerful returned to the United Kingdom, and in 1901-1902 had a refit at Portsmouth Dockyard.^[11]

In August 1905 Captain Lionel Halsey took command of Powerful,^[12][13] as flag captain to Sir Wilmot Fawkes as Commander-in-Chief Australia Station. At the time Powerful was commissioning as Flagship on the Australia Station.^[14] Halsey remained in that post until 1908.^[15]

At the beginning of December 1905, Powerful was at Fremantle in Western Australia.^[16]

On 3 February 1908 the first trans-Tasman radio transmission was made via Powerful which was in the Tasman Sea.^[17]

A Sydney Morning Herald journalist, Charles Bean joined the ship in August 1908 as special correspondent to report the visit of sixteen American warships — the Great White Fleet. At the time Powerful was flagship of the Royal Navy squadron on the Australian Station. Bean wrote a book, With the Flagship in the South (London, 1909), based on his reports, with photographs, drawings and a water-colour frontispiece by the author, and had it published at his own expense.^[18][19]

In 1911 Powerful visited Auckland, New Zealand to inspect the facilities and recommended the setting up of a Naval Store Organisation.^[20]

During the First World War, Powerful and Terrible had most of their armament removed and served as troop transports and later accommodation ships.

After the end of the war, Powerful was renamed Impregnable in November 1919 and converted to a training ship. After ten years of this, she was sold on 31 August 1929 for breaking up.

See also

• Battle of Ladysmith, attack on Lombard's kop
• Field gun competition

Notes

cover from the book about his experiences on Powerful by Charles Bean, frontispiece by the author, published in 1909

Citations

1. Bronze medallion showing on the obverse a ship and the words 'H.M.S. "POWERFUL"'. The reverse bears the words 'H.M.S. POWERFUL LENGTH 500 FEET 2500 HORSE POWER LAUNCHED BY HER GRACE THE DUCHESS OF DEVONSHIRE AT BARROW IN FURNESS 24TH JULY 1895 THIS MEDAL IS MADE OF BRONZE FROM H.M.S. POWERFUL'. Medallion held by the Australian War Memorial - image reference ID Number: REL/09940
2. "A brief history of Field Gunning". Fleet Air Arm Field Gun Association. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
3. "The Field Gun Run". Naval Traditions. Royal Naval Museum Library. 2000. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
4. "Naval Military Actions". ancestry.com. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
5. Illustrated London News and elsewhere
6. Navy website
7. The Heroes of Ladysmith Marching Through London and The Queen's Reception to the Heroes of Ladysmith
8. Memorials & Monuments in Portsmouth City Centre quoting the Daily News
9. McKenzie, R. "History of School". Egerton Primary School. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
10. Crowe, George (1903). The commission of H.M.S. "Terrible," 1898-1902. London: G Newnes. p. 199. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
11. "Naval & Military intelligence" The Times (London). Tuesday, 11 February 1902. (36688), p. 11.
12. The London Gazette: no. 27922. p. 4157. 15 June 1906. Retrieved 18 December 2007. Information, dated 12 April 1906, has been received from Captain L. Halsey, His Majesty's ship Powerful, that ...
13. The London Gazette: no. 27950. p. 6326. 18 September 1906. Retrieved 18 December 2007. Information, dated 26 July 1906, has been received from Captain L. Halsey, His Majesty's ship Powerful, that ...
14. Grazebrook, Lieutenant Commander A. W. "Admiral Sir Lionel Halsey, GCMG, GCVO, KCIE, CB, DLJP 1872-1949". Naval Historical Society of Australia. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
15. "HALSEY, Sir Lionel (1872-1949), Admiral". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
16. "HMS Powerful at Fremantle, 1 December 1905 [picture]". State Library of Western Australia. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
17. "Australasian telecommunications: beginnings". Caslon Analytics. 2005. Retrieved 18 March 2008.
18. Inglis, K.S. (1979). "Bean, Charles Edwin Woodrow (1879 - 1968)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: Australian National University. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
19. This book is available as HMS Powerful (1895) on Internet Archive
20. Bell, J. A. (1962). "DEVELOPMENT OF NAVAL REPAIR FACILITIES AT AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND 1841-1962 From a Lecture by J.A. Bell, AMRINA Deputy Constructive Manager HMNZ Dockyard Devonport". RNZN Communicators' Association. Retrieved 19 March 2008.

References

• Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.

Further reading

• Bean, Charles Edwin Woodrow (1909). With the flagship in the South. Londin: Laurie.

External links