HNRPK

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K
PDB rendering based on 1j5k.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1J5K​, 1KHM​, 1ZZI​, 1ZZJ​, 1ZZK​
Identifiers
Symbols	HNRNPK ; CSBP; HNRPK; TUNP
External IDs	OMIM: 600712 MGI: 99894 HomoloGene: 81909 ChEMBL: 3469 GeneCards: HNRNPK Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding • single-stranded DNA binding • RNA binding • protein binding • poly(A) RNA binding Cellular component • nuclear chromatin • podosome • nucleus • nucleoplasm • cytoplasm • focal adhesion • membrane • cell projection • extracellular exosome • catalytic step 2 spliceosome Biological process • mRNA splicing, via spliceosome • transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • RNA processing • signal transduction • RNA splicing • gene expression • regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearance • viral process • negative regulation of apoptotic process • positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle receptor biosynthetic process • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis • regulation of lipid transport by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	3190	15387
Ensembl	ENSG00000165119	ENSMUSG00000021546
UniProt	P61978	P61979
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002140	NM_001301340
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002131	NP_001288269
Location (UCSC)	Chr 9: 83.97 – 83.98 Mb	Chr 13: 58.39 – 58.4 Mb
PubMed search

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPK gene.^[1]

Function

This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. The protein encoded by this gene is located in the nucleoplasm and has three repeats of KH domains that binds to RNAs. It is distinct among other hnRNP proteins in its binding preference; it binds tenaciously to poly(C). This protein is also thought to have a role during cell cycle progression. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene but only three variants have been fully described.^[2]

Interactions

HNRPK has been shown to interact with:

• CSK,^[3]
• DDX1,^[4]
• HNRNPL,^[5]
• KHDRBS1,^[6]
• PCBP2,^[5]
• PRMT1,^[7][8] and
• PTBP1.^[5]

References

1. Dejgaard K, Leffers H, Rasmussen HH, Madsen P, Kruse TA, Gesser B, Nielsen H, Celis JE (March 1994). "Identification, molecular cloning, expression and chromosome mapping of a family of transformation upregulated hnRNP-K proteins derived by alternative splicing". J Mol Biol 236 (1): 33–48. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1116. PMID 8107114.
2. "Entrez Gene: HNRPK heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K".
3. Ostareck-Lederer A, Ostareck DH, Cans C, Neubauer G, Bomsztyk K, Superti-Furga G, Hentze MW (July 2002). "c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of hnRNP K drives translational activation of specifically silenced mRNAs". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (13): 4535–43. doi:10.1128/mcb.22.13.4535-4543.2002. PMC 133888. PMID 12052863.
4. Chen HC, Lin WC, Tsay YG, Lee SC, Chang CJ (October 2002). "An RNA helicase, DDX1, interacting with poly(A) RNA and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (43): 40403–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206981200. PMID 12183465.
5. Kim JH, Hahm B, Kim YK, Choi M, Jang SK (May 2000). "Protein-protein interaction among hnRNPs shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm". J. Mol. Biol. 298 (3): 395–405. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3687. PMID 10772858.
6. Yang JP, Reddy TR, Truong KT, Suhasini M, Wong-Staal F (October 2002). "Functional interaction of Sam68 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K". Oncogene 21 (47): 7187–94. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205759. PMID 12370808.
7. Côté J, Boisvert FM, Boulanger MC, Bedford MT, Richard S (January 2003). "Sam68 RNA binding protein is an in vivo substrate for protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1". Mol. Biol. Cell 14 (1): 274–87. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-08-0484. PMC 140244. PMID 12529443.
8. Wada K, Inoue K, Hagiwara M (August 2002). "Identification of methylated proteins by protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1, PRMT1, with a new expression cloning strategy". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1591 (1-3): 1–10. doi:10.1016/s0167-4889(02)00202-1. PMID 12183049.

Further reading

• Bomsztyk K, Denisenko O, Ostrowski J (2004). "hnRNP K: one protein multiple processes". BioEssays 26 (6): 629–38. doi:10.1002/bies.20048. PMID 15170860.
• Matunis MJ, Michael WM, Dreyfuss G (1992). "Characterization and primary structure of the poly(C)-binding heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex K protein". Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1): 164–71. PMC 364080. PMID 1729596.
• Weng Z, Thomas SM, Rickles RJ, Taylor JA, Brauer AW, Seidel-Dugan C, Michael WM, Dreyfuss G, Brugge JS (1994). "Identification of Src, Fyn, and Lyn SH3-binding proteins: implications for a function of SH3 domains". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (7): 4509–21. PMC 358823. PMID 7516469.
• Bustelo XR, Suen KL, Michael WM, Dreyfuss G, Barbacid M (1995). "Association of the vav proto-oncogene product with poly(rC)-specific RNA-binding proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (3): 1324–32. PMC 230356. PMID 7862126.
• Hobert O, Jallal B, Schlessinger J, Ullrich A (1994). "Novel signaling pathway suggested by SH3 domain-mediated p95vav/heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (32): 20225–8. PMID 8051112.
• Aasheim HC, Loukianova T, Deggerdal A, Smeland EB (1994). "Tissue specific expression and cDNA structure of a human transcript encoding a nucleic acid binding oligo(dC) protein related to the pre-mRNA binding protein K". Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (6): 959–64. doi:10.1093/nar/22.6.959. PMC 307915. PMID 8152927.
• Buckanovich RJ, Posner JB, Darnell RB (1993). "Nova, the paraneoplastic Ri antigen, is homologous to an RNA-binding protein and is specifically expressed in the developing motor system". Neuron 11 (4): 657–72. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90077-5. PMID 8398153.
• Michelotti EF, Michelotti GA, Aronsohn AI, Levens D (1996). "Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a transcription factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (5): 2350–60. PMC 231223. PMID 8628302.
• Bunnell SC, Henry PA, Kolluri R, Kirchhausen T, Rickles RJ, Berg LJ (1996). "Identification of Itk/Tsk Src homology 3 domain ligands". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (41): 25646–56. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.41.25646. PMID 8810341.
• Tommerup N, Leffers H (1997). "Assignment of human KH-box-containing genes by in situ hybridization: HNRNPK maps to 9q21.32-q21.33, PCBP1 to 2p12-p13, and PCBP2 to 12q13.12-q13.13, distal to FRA12A". Genomics 32 (2): 297–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0121. PMID 8833161.
• Kai N, Mishina M, Yagi T (1997). "Molecular cloning of Fyn-associated molecules in the mouse central nervous system". J. Neurosci. Res. 48 (5): 407–24. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19970601)48:5<407::AID-JNR3>3.0.CO;2-I. PMID 9185665.
• Miau LH, Chang CJ, Shen BJ, Tsai WH, Lee SC (1998). "Identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) as a repressor of C/EBPbeta-mediated gene activation". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (17): 10784–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.17.10784. PMID 9553145.
• Hsieh TY, Matsumoto M, Chou HC, Schneider R, Hwang SB, Lee AS, Lai MM (1998). "Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (28): 17651–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.28.17651. PMID 9651361.
• Schullery DS, Ostrowski J, Denisenko ON, Stempka L, Shnyreva M, Suzuki H, Gschwendt M, Bomsztyk K (1999). "Regulated interaction of protein kinase Cdelta with the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K protein". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (21): 15101–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.21.15101. PMID 10329716.
• Baber JL, Libutti D, Levens D, Tjandra N (1999). "High precision solution structure of the C-terminal KH domain of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, a c-myc transcription factor". J. Mol. Biol. 289 (4): 949–62. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1999.2818. PMID 10369774.
• Wadd S, Bryant H, Filhol O, Scott JE, Hsieh TY, Everett RD, Clements JB (1999). "The multifunctional herpes simplex virus IE63 protein interacts with heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K and with casein kinase 2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (41): 28991–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.41.28991. PMID 10506147.
• Venables JP, Elliott DJ, Makarova OV, Makarov EM, Cooke HJ, Eperon IC (2000). "RBMY, a probable human spermatogenesis factor, and other hnRNP G proteins interact with Tra2beta and affect splicing". Hum. Mol. Genet. 9 (5): 685–94. doi:10.1093/hmg/9.5.685. PMID 10749975.
• Kim JH, Hahm B, Kim YK, Choi M, Jang SK (2000). "Protein-protein interaction among hnRNPs shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm". J. Mol. Biol. 298 (3): 395–405. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3687. PMID 10772858.
• Shnyreva M, Schullery DS, Suzuki H, Higaki Y, Bomsztyk K (2000). "Interaction of two multifunctional proteins. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K and Y-box-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (20): 15498–503. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.20.15498. PMID 10809782.