HSwMS Sverige

History
Sweden
Name:	Sverige
Builder:	Götaverken, Gothenburg
Laid down:	12 December 1912
Launched:	3 May 1915
Commissioned:	14 May 1917
Decommissioned:	30 January 1953
Fate:	Scrapped 1958
General characteristics
Class and type:	Sverige-class coastal defence ship
Displacement:	6852 t standard; 7688 t full load
Length:	119.7 m (392 ft 9 in) waterline 120 m (393 ft 8 in) overall
Beam:	18.63 m (61 ft 1 in)
Draught:	6.25 m (20 ft 6 in)
Propulsion:	12 Yarrow boilers; 2 Kockums-Curtis ungeared turbines; 4 three-blade propellers 20,000 hp (15,000 kW)
Speed:	22.5 kn (41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph)
Range:	2,720 nmi (5,040 km; 3,130 mi) at 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement:	427 (443 when used as flagship)
Armament:	As built: 4 × Bofors 283 mm gun M/1912 (2×2) 8 × 152 mm/50cal. Bofors QF M/1912 (1×2, 6×1) 4 × 75 mm/53cal. Bofors QF M/1912 (4×1) 2 × 75 mm/53cal. Bofors AA M/1915 (2×1) 2 × 57 mm/21,3cal. Bofors M/1916 (2×1) 2 × 6,5 mm/92,3cal. MG M/1914 (2×1) 2 × 45 cm Torpedo tubes M/1914 (2×1) During WWII: 4 ×Bofors 283 mm gun M/1912 (2×2) 6 × 152 mm/50cal. Bofors QF M/1912 (1×2, 4×1) 4 × 75 mm/60cal. Bofors AA M/1928 (2×2) 6 × 40 mm/56cal. Bofors AA M/1936 (3×2) 4 × 25 mm/58cal. Bofors AA M/1932 (2×2) 3 × 20 mm/66cal. Bofors AA M/1940 (3×1) 4 × 8 mm/75,8cal. AA MG M/1936 (2×2)
Armour:	Belt 200 mm (8 in) Turrets 200 mm (8 in) Citadel 100 mm (4 in) Deck 18–28 mm (1–1 in)

HSwMS Sverige was a Swedish coastal defence ship (Pansarskepp) during the last year of World War I and onward into the 1950s. Her cost was approximately 12 million kronor in 1912, and the entire sum was raised in public in a nationwide fundraising campaign that gained over 15 million (approximately 650 MKr, in 2005 Kr). The fundraising was done because of the Karl Staaff government's reluctance to spend money on a new battleship.

Background

Sweden was not immune from the naval arms race in the early 20th century. After the dissolving of the union with Norway in 1905, the situation was tense with the Russian Empire in the east, Germany south of the Baltic Sea, and Norway, traditionally an Anglophile country. In 1911, battle-ready units from the Royal Navy and the German Imperial navy cruised around in the North Sea. War was close. As the latest Swedish coastal battleship Oscar II was a typical pre-dreadnought ship (2× 8 in (203 mm) guns, 17.8 knots (33.0 km/h; 20.5 mph)), the need for a new class of ships was pressing. Seaworthiness, armament, armour and speed, all had to be improved according to the multiple new technologies that had arrived. In 1911, the parliament voted (with a small majority) funds for the building of the new vessel, known as the F-boat, after the alternative that was chosen from various options (A, B, C, D, D1, D2, E, E1, E2 and F, varying in size from 4,800 to 7,500 metric tons and with armaments and speed in various arrangements accordingly). When Karl Staaff became prime minister in the Autumn of 1911, the funding was postponed. This caused the "Pansarbåtinsamlingen", a fundraising aiming at the 12 million Kronor the ship was estimated to cost. With the backing of King Gustav V in a little over 3 months 15 million was raised to build the ship. This caused a political crisis, and the fall of the government. The new government accepted the money and let the contract for the ship, which was named Sverige for the people who had paid for it.^[1]

After the outbreak of World War I two more ships were ordered which had a slightly changed appearance, the two bearing the names of the King and Queen of Sweden.

Note that while the ship is listed as a battleship in Jane's Fighting Ships, 1938 edition, technically it is a coastal defence ship, a class which was commonly used in Nordic countries. The navies of Finland, Norway, and Denmark made use of similar ships.

References

1. Warship Magazine - 1999