Hadhrami people
 Hadhrami immigrants in Surabaya, 1920 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Languages | |
| Hadhrami Arabic, (Urdu in South Asia, Malay in Southeast Asia, Swahili in East Africa) | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Sunni, Shafi'i, Sufi Islam), Judaism, Ancient Arabian Christianity | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Arab people, Arab Singaporean, Arab Malaysians, Arab Indonesians, Chaush, Arabs in India, Sri Lankan Moors, Hyderabadi Muslims |
The Hadhrami (Arabic: حضرمي, sing.) or Hadharem (Arabic: الحضارم, pl.) are people inhabiting the Hadhramaut region in Yemen and their descendants in diaspora communities around the world. They speak Hadhrami Arabic, which belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.
Among the two million inhabitants of Hadhramaut, there are 1,300 distinct tribes. Historically, antagonism between townsfolk and wandering tribesmen had been so bitter that the towns are surrounded by stone walls to protect them from attack by their tribal countrymen.
Few Hadramis still practice the nomadic lifestyle of their ancient ancestors. Today, approximately half of the Hadramis live in the towns and villages scattered through the deep valleys of their region. Among these settled peoples, there are sharp distinctions, the highest social prestige belonging to the wealthy, educated Sadahs, who claim to be direct descendants of Muhammad. In the past, Hadramis rarely married outside their own social level, and often lived in segregated groups in separate parts of town.
Distribution
The Hadharem have a long seafaring and trading tradition. Hadhrami seamen have navigated in large numbers all around the Indian Ocean basin, from the Horn of Africa to the Swahili Coast to the Malabar Coast and Hyderabad in South India, Sri Lanka to Maritime Southeast Asia.[1]
There are Hadharem communities in the trading ports of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. The money changers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia have usually been of Hadhrami origin.[2]
The Hadhrami have long had a notable presence in the Horn region (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia). Hadhrami settlers were instrumental in helping to consolidate the Muslim community in the coastal Benadir province of Somalia, in particular.[3] During the colonial period, disgruntled Hadhrami from the tribal wars additionally settled in various Somalian towns.[4] They were also frequently recruited into the armies of the Somali Sultanates.[5]
Some Hadhrami communities also reportedly exist in Mozambique and Madagascar.[6]
The vast majority of the Hadhrami Jews now live in Israel.
Language
The Hadhrami speak Hadhrami Arabic, a Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family, while the Diasporas that have acculturated mainly speak the local language they live in.
Diaspora communities
- Sri Lankan Moors [7]
- Arab Indonesian
- Arab Malaysian
- Arab Singaporean
- Chaush, in India
- Sodagar (Gujarati Shaikh)
- Labbay
- Nawayath and Barkas, Hyderabad in India
Hadhrami people
Swahili Coast
- Awadh Saleh Sherman, Kenya, Businessman
- Yusuf Karama Timimi, Kenya, Businessman
- Najib Balala, Kenya, Member of Parliament
- Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President of Comoros
- Habib Salih, Lamu, Kenya, religious scholar
- Abdulkarim Bin Abeid Salum Ahmed Bajubair (Tanzania) Entrepreneur
- Ali Bin Shaikh Bajaber, Kenya
North Africa
- Moulay Al-Hassan Al-Kathiri, Jerf el-Melha, Morocco, religious scholar
- Artega tribe, Babkeer, Sudan
Horn of Africa
- Mohammed Al Amoudi, Ethiopia, Businessman
- General Abdalla haji Ahmed, police chief of Mogadishu, Somalia
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Kaghaznagar & Asifabad, Telangana
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The Abbadies dynasty or Abbadies (Arabic,بنو عباد) was an Arab Muslim Dynasty which arose in Al-Andalus on the downfall of the Caliphate of Cordoba (756–1031). After the collapse, there were multiple small Muslim "Caliphates": the Hammudids, the Zayrids, the Jahwarids, the Dhul-Nunids, the Amirids, the Tojibids, and the Hudids. Of all of these small groups, the Abbadies were the strongest and most of them were absorbed by them.[1] Abbadies rule lasted from about 1023 until 1091,[2][3] but during the short period of its existence it exhibited singular energy and typified its time.
Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad (or Abbad I; 984[1] - 25 January 1042) was the eponymous founder of the Abbadid dynasty; he was the first independent Muslim ruler of Seville in Al-Andalus (ruled 1023–1042),dying in 1042.[2]
Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad (ruled 1023–1042), the qadi of Seville, founded the house in 1023.[2] He functioned as the chief of an Arab family settled in the city from the first days of the conquest. The Beni-abbad had not previously played a major role in history, though they were of noble pedigree, hailing from Bani Lakhm, the historical kings of Al-Hira in south-central Iraq. The family also did have considerable wealth
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Indonesia
East Timor
Malaysia
Singapore
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South Asia
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Yemen
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See also
Notes
- ↑ Ho, Engseng. 2006. Graves of Tarim. University of California Press. Berkeley. passim
- ↑ Jean-François Seznec The Financial Markets of the Arabian Gulf, Routledge, 1987
- ↑ Cassanelli, Lee V. (1973). "The Benaadir past: essays in southern Somali history". University of Wisconsin: 24.
- ↑ Gavin, R. J. (1975). Aden under British rule, 1839–1967. London: Hurst. p. 198. ISBN 0-903983-14-1.
- ↑ Helen Chapin Metz, Somalia: a country study, (The Division: 1993), p.10.
- ↑ Francoise Le Guennec, Changing Patterns of Hadhrami Migration and Social Integration in East Africa in Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s, Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997, pg 165
- ↑ http://www.lankalibrary.com/cul/muslims/moors.htm
References
Further reading
- Leif Manger, The Hadrami Diaspora: Community-building on the Indian Ocean Rim, Berghahn Books, 2010
- Omar Khulaidi, The Arabs of Hadramawt in Hyderabad in Mediaeval Deccan History, eds Kulkarni, Naeem and de Souza, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1996
- Leif Manger, Hadramis in Hyderabad: From Winners to Losers, Asian Journal of Social Science, Volume 35, Numbers 4-5, 2007, pp. 405–433(29)
- Engseng Ho, The Graves of Tarim: Genealogy and Mobility across the Indian Ocean, University of California Press, 2006
- Ababu Minda Yimene, An African Indian community in Hyderabad, Cuvillier Verlag, 2004, pg 201
- Natalie Mobini-Kesheh, The Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indies, 1900-1942, SEAP Publications, 1999
- Anne K. Bang, Sufis and Scholars of the Sea: Family Networks in East Africa, 1860-1925, Routledge, 2003
- AHMED BIN SALAM BAHIYAL who came from hadramaut to MAHABUBNAGAR ( HYDERABAD ) INDIA
- Linda Boxberger, On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s, SUNY Press, 2002
- Ulrike Freitag, Hadhramaut: A Religious Centre for the Indian Ocean in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries?, Studia Islamica, No. 89 (1999), pp. 165–183
- The Hadhrami Diaspora in Southeast Asia: Identity Maintenance or Assimilation?, edited by Ahmed Ibrahim Abushouk and Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, BRILL, 2009
- A Hadrami Diaspora in the Sudan in Diasporas Within and Without Africa: Dynamism, Hetereogeneity, Variation edited by Leif O. Manger and Munzoul A. M. Assal, Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2006, pg 61
- Abdullah Hassan Al-Saqqaf, The Linguistics of Loanwords in Hadrami Arabic, International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, Volume 9, Issue 1 January 2006, pages 75 – 93
- Hadhrami Traders, Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s-1960s Edited by Ulrike Freitag and William G. Clarence-Smith, BRILL, 1997
- Frode F. Jacobsen, Hadrami Arabs in Present-day Indonesia, Taylor & Francis, 2009
- Patricia W. Romero, Lamu: History, Society, and Family in an East African Port City, Markus Wiener Publishers, 1997, pp 93 – 108, 167- 184
- Mona Abaza, M. Asad Shahab: A Portrait of an Indonesian Hadrami Who Bridged the Two Worlds in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 250 – 274
- Jonathan Miran, Red Sea Translocals: Hadrami Migration, Entrepreneurship, and Strategies of Integration in Eritrea, 1840s-1970s, Northeast African Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2012, pp. 129–168.
- Ulrike Freitag, From Golden Youth in Arabia to Business Leaders in Singapore: Instructions of a Hadrami Patriarch in Southeast Asia and the Middle East: Islam, Movement, and the Longue Durée, edited by Eric Tagliacozzo, NUS Press, 2009, pp 235 – 249
- Talib, Ameen, Hadramis in Singapore, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, vol 17 no. 1 (April 1997): 89- 97 (UK).
- Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, The Role of Hadramis in Post-Second World War Singapore - A Reinterpretation, Immigrants & Minorities, Volume 25, Issue 2 July 2007, pages 163 - 183
- Iain Walker, Hadramis, Shimalis and Muwalladin: Negotiating Cosmopolitan Identities between the Swahili Coast and Southern Yemen, Journal of Eastern African Studies, Volume 2, Issue 1 March 2008, pages 44 – 59
- Shanti Sadiq Ali, The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times, Orient Blackswan, 1996, pp 193–202
- Al-Saqqaf, Abdullah (2012) "Arabic Literature in Diaspora: an Example from South Asia" in: Rizio Yohannan Raj (ed.): Quest of a Discipline: New Academic Directions for Comparative Literature (Cambridge University Press, India) . See http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9788175969346.018