Handley Page Type W

Type W
Twin Eagle engined W.8b
Role	Airliner
Manufacturer	Handley Page
First flight	2 December 1919
Introduction	1921
Retired	1934
Primary users	SABENA Imperial Airways
Number built	25
Variants	Handley Page Hyderabad

The Handley Page W.8, W.9 and W.10 were British two- and three-engine medium-range biplane airliners designed and built by Handley Page.

The W.8 (also known as the H.P.18) was the company's first civil transport aircraft. It housed two crew in an open cockpit and 15 passengers in an enclosed cabin. Powered by two 450 hp (336 kW) Napier Lion engines the prototype first flew on 4 December 1919, shortly after it was displayed at the 1919 Paris Air Show at Le Bourget. It has the distinction of being the world's first airliner to be designed with an on-board lavatory. The W.8 was subsequently revised to give the W.8b, W.8e (H.P.26), W.9 (H.P.27) and W.10 (H.P.30)

Developments

W8b

To meet an Air Ministry ruling the capacity was reduced to 12 passengers and the fuel tanks were moved. In 1921 the Air Ministry ordered three aircraft for use by Handley Page Transport. These were built as the W8b and powered by the Rolls-Royce Eagle IX and operated by Imperial Airways on services to Paris and Brussels.^[1] Another aircraft was delivered to SABENA in 1924 and three more were license built by SABCA in Belgium.

W8e

To reduce the risks involved with engine failure, the W.8e was developed with one 360 hp (270 kW) Rolls-Royce Eagle IX in the nose and two 240 hp (180 kW) Siddeley Pumas in the normal position. The first W8e was sold to Sabena, which had ten more built in Belgium by SABCA.

W8f and W8g Hamilton

One three-engine W.8f was built with cabin heating (derived from air circulated around the hot engine exhausts).

Three engined W.8f.

The W8f was modified in 1929 as the W8g with an improved tail and rudder design from the W10 and the third engine was removed and the other two replaced with the Rolls-Royce Eagle IX.

W9a Hampstead

Was a three-engined version with more powerful 385 hp (290 kW) Armstrong Siddeley Jaguar IV radial engines. It was operated by Imperial Airways and created a record on the London-Paris route of 86 minutes. In 1926, the engines were replaced by three 420 hp (310 kW) Bristol Jupiters. The aircraft was moved to Australia but was destroyed by an accident after nine months.

W10

A twin-engined variant with the 450 hp (340 kW) Napier Lion for Imperial Airways (four built).

Other variants

• Handley Page W/400 : The original company designation.
• W.8 : Prototype.
• W.8c : 1923 version fitted with two Rolls-Royce Eagle IX piston engines.

Use

When Imperial Airways introduced the Handley Page HP.42 in 1931, the W series aircraft were retired. Aircraft were used by private operators for display and joy riding, but the most important development concerned the two surviving W10s which were converted to tanker aircraft by Sir Alan Cobham.

Accidents and incidents

• On 10 July 1923, W.8 G-EAPJ Duchess of York of Handley Page Transport crashed at Poix, Marne, France.^[2] Flying from Croydon to Paris it made a forced landing due to engine problems, after landing it ran into a sunken road and was destroyed, the pilot and mechanic were thrown clear and none of the seven passengers were injured.^[3]
• On 21 October 1926, W.10 G-EBMS of Imperial Airways ditched in the English Channel 18 nautical miles (33 km) off the English coast. All 12 people on board were rescued by FV Invicta.^[4]
• On 15 February 1928, W.8 G-EBBG Princess Mary of Imperial Airways crashed at Abbeville, France.^[2]
• On 17 June 1929, W.10 G-EBMT City of Ottawa of Imperial Airways ditched in the English Channel while on a flight from Croydon to Paris with the loss of seven lives.
• On 31 May 1930, W.9a VH-ULK of the Ellyou Goldfields Development Corporation crashed into a mountain near Salamaua, Papua New Guinea.^[2][5]
• On 30 October 1930, W.8 G-EBIX City of Washington of Imperial Airways crashed at Neufchâtel-Hardelot, Pas-de-Calais, France.^[2]
• On 22 September 1934, W.10 G-EBMM Youth of New Zealand of Sir Alan Cobham's National Aviation Displays crashed at Aston Clinton, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.^[2] The airliner was being used as a tanker (it had extra fuel stored in the rear cabin) and was returning from Portsmouth to Coventry after a midair refuelling of an Airspeed Courier aircraft being used by Cobham for a long-distant flight to India. The Youth of New Zealand had just departed from Heston Aerodrome after being refueled, when it crashed into a field killing all four crew. The Inspector of Accidents concluded that the probable cause was a fracture of a main bolt that secured the bracing wires of the front spar to the tailplane. The failure of the bolt would cause a loss of control, failure of the bolt was probably fatigue. The aircraft had been involved in an early accident when the tailplane had been swapped with one from another aircraft but after 50 hours of flying since the repair it was not thought that the bolt had been disturbed.^[6]

Operators

 Australia

• Ellyou Goldfields Development Corporation

 Belgium

• Sabena

 United Kingdom

• Handley Page Transport
• Imperial Airways
• National Aviation Displays

Specifications (W.8f)

Data from British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 2^[7]

General characteristics

• Crew: two
• Capacity: 12 passengers
• Length: 60 ft 1½ in (18.33 m)
• Wingspan: 75 ft 2 in (22.92 m)
• Height: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)
• Wing area: 1,456 ft² (135.3 m²)
• Empty weight: 8,600 lb (3,910 kg)
• Loaded weight: 13,000 lb (5,910 kg)
• Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Eagle IX V-12 water-cooled piston (in nose), 360 hp (269 kW)
• , and 2 x 240 hp (179 kW) Siddeley Puma engines (between wings)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 90 kn (103 mph, 166 km/h)
• Cruise speed: 74 kn (85 mph, 137 km/h)
• Service ceiling: 13,000 ft (3,960 m)
• Wing loading: 8.93 lb/ft² (43.7 kg/m²)
• Power/mass: 0.065 hp/lb (0.107 kW/kg)

References

Notes

1. "The Handley Page W.8.B." FLIGHT, January 19th 1922, description texts and 3-view general arrangement drawing
2. Jackson1973, pp. 524-525
3. "London Terminal Aerodrome". Flight: 417. 19 July 1923.
4. "ACCIDENT DETAILS". Plane Crash Info. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
5. "ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 34217". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
6. "Four Victims Of Air Crash Ministry Expert's Theory, A Fractured Bolt" (News). The Times (London). Tuesday, 6 November 1934. (46904), col D, p. 16.
7. Jackson 1973, p. 236

Bibliography

• Barnes, C. H. Handley Page Aircraft Since 1907. London: Putnam & Company, Ltd., 1987. ISBN 0-85177-803-8.
• Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. ISBN 0-7110-0094-8.
• Jackson, A.J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919 Volume 2. Putnam & Company, Ltd., 1973 (2nd Edition). ISBN 0-370-10010-7

External References

• H.P.26/W-8e May 1927 article Popular Mechanics